Match Day 2024: Entering Specialties With Great Need

Fourth-year MD Icahn School of Medicine students receiving their placements on Match Day, Friday, March 15, from left to right: Amina Avril, Claire Ufongene, Candida Damian, Yhan Colón Ibán, and Charlotte Pierce.

Match Day represents a milestone for fourth-year medical students across the country—it’s when they receive their placements for the residency programs they’ve applied to. On Friday, March 15, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai’s Class of 2024 congregated at the Guggenheim Pavilion for Match Day, and 133 students matched to 26 different specialties across the nation.

Michael Leitman, MD, Professor of Surgery, and Medical Education, at Icahn Mount Sinai, and Dean for Graduate Medical Education, observes Match Day closely because it reflects the physician pipeline. In several critical areas, he says, most notably the primary care specialties (internal medicine, general pediatrics, family medicine, and geriatrics) and psychiatry, the supply of new doctors entering these specialties is barely sufficient to meet demand.

“These are areas where we are seeing low match rates among students, and we suspect that students are gravitating towards careers in more lucrative specialties in part because they’re concerned about debt,” says Dr. Leitman.

According to the National Resident Matching Program, the organization conducting the Main Residency Match, for the Class of 2024 MD seniors, 87.8 percent of family medicine residency positions were filled, compared to most other programs, which were filled 100 percent—or close to. Pediatrics and psychiatry programs had unfilled positions in this year’s match too.

A 2021 report from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) forecasts a primary care physician shortage of 18,000 to 48,000 in 2034. The big problem this shortage creates is that primary care is where important screenings are done, such as hypertension.

Positions filled in specialties with high need: 2024 vs 2023

Specialty 2024 2023
Family Medicine 87.8% 88.7%
Pediatrics 91.8% 97.1%
Psychiatry 99.5% 99.0%

“In the areas that we serve at The Mount Sinai Hospital, which includes East Harlem, we have to think about the loss of family medicine doctors who will not be available to care for this population, which will only further reinforce the health care disparities we are working so hard to correct,” says Dr. Leitman.

“Although historically, students from Icahn Mount Sinai have matched to primary care fields at lower rates than other specialties, this year’s Match represented the highest number of students matching into primary care specialties,” says Tara K Cunningham, EdD, MS, Senior Associate Dean for Student Affairs and Associate Professor of Medical Education, who leads the team responsible for career and residency advising at Icahn Mount Sinai. Last year, Dr. Cunningham says, two students entered pediatrics. “This year, a record-breaking 11 students are going into pediatrics.”

Icahn Mount Sinai’s Class of 2024 has more students placing into primary care and neurology than any other graduating class in school history. The most popular specialties for the class are internal medicine (28), pediatrics (11), anesthesiology (10), obstetrics (8), gynecology (8), neurology (7), ophthalmology (7), and psychiatry (7).

Two MD seniors entering residency programs in specialties with high need share their thoughts on their matches and what they hope to achieve in their respective fields.

Stephanie Ureña, Family Medicine program at NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center

What are your thoughts on your match, and tell me about the programs you applied for?

I am very happy with my result because this was my top choice. I wanted to stay in New York City and work with an underserved, majority-Hispanic population. I mostly applied to programs in New York City and Philadelphia because these are both places where I had a community. I was born and raised in the Bronx and this is where most of my immediate family is. I went to school at the University of Pennsylvania so I also had some friends there and some family that had also moved there.

What do you know about the challenges of the specialty you’re entering, and how do you think you might be able to overcome them?

I am going into family medicine and given the current medical system, there is never enough time for visits. Additionally, patients’ health is connected to social determinants of health and there are often not enough resources to keep patients healthy.

I plan on learning to prioritize pressing health issues for quick visits given the time crunch. I also plan on immersing myself into the community that I practice in so that I can learn about community resources that address some of their social determinants of health.

What inspired you to go into medicine in the first place?

I had a really awesome pediatrician growing up who was my constant cheerleader. I remember looking forward to his visits because he just wanted to catch up on life and would always teach me ways to stay healthy. Then as I grew up, I realized how much I liked science and was fascinated by the human body so I decided to continue to pursue a path in medicine.

What impact do you hope to achieve in your specialty?

For family medicine, I hope to continue to provide patient-centered health care and expand on my knowledge of community resources. I would ideally like to have a system in which I refer my patients to community resources that address their social determinants of health. I would also like to create more pipeline programs that bring students from the local community into medical schools that are in their community. I envision myself joining a community board and advocating for the community needs.

Candida Damian, Pediatrics/Psychiatry/Child Psychiatry Triple Board program at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital

What are your thoughts on your match, and tell me about the programs you applied for?

I am very excited. There are only 11 Triple Board programs in the country, so I am super grateful to have matched. Since there are limited triple board positions, I applied for categorical psychiatry positions as well. I wanted to match into a Triple Board program because I am deeply passionate about the intersection of pediatrics and psychiatry, and am drawn to the diversity of experiences and the unique skill set that Triple Board training offers.

What do you know about the challenges of the specialty you’re entering, and how do you think you might be able to overcome them?

Entering a Triple Board program presents the challenge of navigating multiple specialties and wearing different hats, requiring adaptability and flexibility. I plan to overcome this by really leaning into my training and always asking for help.

There is a huge need, especially, for child psychiatrists. Mental health in children is a public health crisis. Entering a field with a high, under-met need is both daunting and inspiring. It underscores the urgency and importance of my chosen path. I see it as an opportunity to make a meaningful impact on individuals and communities who are underserved and often marginalized. By entering these fields, I aim to contribute to closing the gap in access to quality health care and improving outcomes for those in need.

What inspired you to go into medicine in the first place?

It has been my childhood dream to become a doctor. However, due to many external factors, I had believed a profession in medicine was just too far out of my reach. The idea of attending college was daunting enough, not to speak of attending medical school. I was committed to providing compassionate care for patients, so I channeled my energy into going to nursing school.

I will never forget the day as a third-year nursing student that I met a 16-year-old patient who confided in me about the events that led up to her being admitted into the psychiatric hospital. She had dreams of going to college and becoming a marine biologist. However, the external hardships she faced made her doubtful that she could accomplish her goals. She told me, “You know more about me than the doctors here do. I feel like I can tell you anything.”

We could relate to each other, we had similar upbringings, and I learned that just my presence alone was able to give patients that feeling of safety they often lacked. I recognized that all of the reasons that led me to believe I could not become a physician were actually the reasons why I needed to become a physician.

That patient’s story and trust in me during my nursing rotation helped me believe, for the first time, that becoming a physician was attainable. My determination to make a difference outweighed the fear. That day, I Googled “How to get into medical school” and the rest was history.

What impact do you hope to achieve in your specialty?

In my specialty, I hope to provide compassionate and comprehensive care to vulnerable populations, especially children and families who have endured significant abuse and neglect. My aim is to intervene promptly and treat both their physical and mental health needs at each developmental milestone, while fostering trust, empowerment, and providing a safe environment for healing and growth. I am dedicated to raising awareness about the impact of trauma and I am on a mission to help break down the many barriers faced so that future generations have the opportunity to pursue their dreams despite external challenges.

Nursing Research Day Highlights the Integral Role Nursing Plays in Advancing Knowledge and Practice

Nurses play an integral role in ensuring successful transitions across settings of care, stages of health, and seasons of life. Their essential contributions extend far beyond direct patient care, with nurse researchers and policy experts leading critical advances in knowledge and practice.

Recently, this research has helped ensure the inclusion of a family caregiver’s name in the medical record of every hospital inpatient upon admission, highlighted the contributors of burnout associated with working in a stressful environment, and produced many other findings and innovations that have translated into better care for patients.

These important contributions to research were highlighted during the Mount Sinai Health System’s Nursing Research Day, organized by the Center for Nursing Research and Innovation (CNRI) at Mount Sinai. Hundreds of nurses participated in the program, which featured nationally renowned experts in research and policy, and 30 poster presentations representing the work of 127 Mount Sinai nurses and colleagues across the greater New York region.

The full-day symposium was held at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and streamed throughout the Health System on Friday, November 10, 2023. The theme was “Crossing the Divide: The Role of Nursing in Navigating Transitions of Care.”

“Thanks to our wonderful planning committee made up of colleagues from across the Health System, Nursing Research Day highlighted research that is shaping nursing practice and policy across the United States at the intersection of community resources and support,” says Bevin Cohen, PhD, MPH, MS, RN, Associate Professor of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine at Icahn Mount Sinai and Director of the CNRI. “It was especially inspiring to see research conducted by our own nursing staff colleagues, who are dedicated to advancing patient care and making a difference in the lives of patients and their families.”

Attendees were welcomed by leaders from across the Health System, including Beth Oliver, DNP, RN, FAAN, Senior Vice President and Chief Nurse Executive, every Chief Nursing Officer, and David Reich, MD, President, Mount Sinai Hospital and Mount Sinai Queens. Dr. Reich shared that one of the highlights of his career has been working with an academic Department of Nursing committed to research that immediately translates into better care for patients. Linda Valentino, DNP, RN, Chief Nursing Officer, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Jill Goldstein, MA, MS, RN, Vice President Patient Services and Deputy Chief Nurse Officer, Mount Sinai Queens, were on site for much of the day to welcome nurses and thank them for their dedication to taking on challenging projects that advance practice.

Kicking off the formal agenda, keynote speaker Susan Reinhard, PhD, RN, FAAN, Senior Vice President and Director, AARP Public Policy Institute and Chief Strategist, Center to Champion Nursing in America and Family Caregiving Initiatives, presented “Health Care Transitions: Translating Research into Policy and Practice.” Dr. Reinhard’s extensive work focuses on advocating for the more than 50 million family caregivers in the United States. Her research contributed to the enactment of the Caregiver Advised Record and Enable (CARE) Act in 46 U.S. states and territories, ensuring the inclusion of a family caregiver’s name in the medical record of every hospital inpatient upon admission. Beyond data collection, Dr. Reinhard emphasized what it takes to be successful in research, including humanizing the data, engaging stakeholders, garnering media attention, and delving deeper into findings. Her research produced an evidence-based video series available online and for free to caregivers.

Shifting from a focus on caregiving to caring for caregivers, clinical psychologist Jonathan DePierro, PhD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Icahn Mount Sinai, and Associate Director, Center for Stress, Resilience, and Personal Growth, presented “Research-Driven Insights into Nursing Resilience, Mental Health, and Retention.” Dr. DePierro shared his team’s research on the individual and systematic contributors of burnout associated with working in a very high-stress, high-demand environment. He also outlined innovative programming offered through the Center and the Office of Well-Being and Resilience, which has the most comprehensive services to support clinician wellbeing in the nation.

The morning’s program also included presentations by the Evidenced-Based Practice Fellows at the Mount Sinai Phillips School of Nursing, which featured ABSN student Caroline Quinn’s findings on screening and intervening for postpartum depression and ABSN student Batsheva Weinberger’s findings on pediatric preoperative anxiety. This was followed by a robust poster session highlighting findings from nurses across the Health System, which can be found here. Select abstracts presented during the poster sessions will be published in a special issue of Practical Implementation of Nursing Science (PINS). Published by Mount Sinai’s Levy Library Press, PINS is an open access, peer-reviewed journal designed specifically for clinical nurses and nurse leaders to disseminate findings from the practice setting.

Dora Clayton-Jones, PhD, RN, CPNP-PC, FAAN

The afternoon programming began with a keynote address titled “Utilizing Community Assets to Support Self-Management in Health Care Transitions,” given by Dora Clayton-Jones, PhD, RN, CPNP-PC, FAAN, Associate Professor, Marquette University College of Nursing, and Immediate Past President, International Association of Sickle Cell Nurses and Professional Associates.

An accomplished clinician and nurse researcher, Dr. Clayton-Jones shared lessons learned from growing up on the West Side of Chicago, where she was influenced by a grandmother who involved her in community service activities to address food insecurity. “One thing that I learned was how to make it easy for people to ask for assistance,” said Dr. Clayton-Jones. “How easy are we making it for individuals to reach out for help when they need help?”

She encouraged participants to translate any lessons or approaches they could learn from her work in sickle cell disease—which effects millions worldwide—into their own practices and specialties. Following a general overview of sickle cell disease and the importance of a gradual and uninterrupted transition from pediatric to adult care, Dr. Clayton-Jones addressed her deep passion for community engagement, with a focus on leveraging community assets, translating community engagement activities into interventions, and the impact of community driven self-management interventions.

A panel discussion followed between Dr. Clayton-Jones and the Mount Sinai Comprehensive Sickle Cell Program leadership, including Director Jeffrey Glassberg, MD, MA, and nurse practitioners Charleen Jacobs, PhD, RN, ANP-BC, and Brittany McCrary, MS, AGPCNP-BC, RN-BC. This conversation touched upon Dr. Clayton-Jones’ career path and approaches to surmounting challenges, community involvement, lifelong learning, research, and funding.

Shifting the focus to innovations at Mount Sinai’s own Transitions of Care Center, Carl Jin, MSN, MPA, RN-BC, CCM, Director of Clinical Services, and Arzellra Walters, MA, CPNP, RN, Nurse Manager, presented “A Comprehensive Approach to Transitions of Care: The Expansion of the Transitions of Care Center’s Intervention.”

The Transitions of Care Center is a centralized discharge program staffed by Mount Sinai nurses trained in hospital discharge protocols to promote smooth transitions across levels of care. The ultimate goal is to prevent avoidable readmissions, with a focus on key diagnoses including acute myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, pneumonia, coronary artery bypass grafting, and major joint replacement surgery. Transitioning between levels of care can be stressful, burdensome, and expensive for patients, caregivers, insurers, and hospitals. Mount Sinai’s Transitions of Care Center is testing the effects of a new model that eases the transition from hospital to home and reduces the risk of readmission.

The day concluded with a presentation about Mount Sinai’s exciting new national research training program for Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) students, Translational Research and Implementation Science for Nurses (TRAIN). Kimberly Souffront, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, FAAN, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine at Icahn Mount Sinai and Associate Director of the CNRI, who is Principal Investigator of TRAIN along with Dr. Cohen, provided an overview of this first-of-its-kind program.

TRAIN supports DNP students from underrepresented minority communities and disadvantaged backgrounds to become experts in translating research into clinical practice. The program is funded by a five-year grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health, and its first annual cohort will begin this summer.

2024 Jacobi Medallion Award Ceremony

Seated, from left: Helen M. Fernandez, MD, MPH, MSH ’01; Marla C. Dubinsky, MD; Emma Guttman-Yassky, MD, PhD; Roxana Mehran, MD, MSH ’95; and Stephen Harvey, CPA, MBA. Standing, from left: Dennis Charney, MD, Anne and Joel Ehrenkranz Dean, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Stuart A. Aaronson, MD; Peak Woo, MD; Mark Kostegan, FAHP; Kirk N. Campbell, MD; Sandra K. Masur, PhD, FASCB; Brendan G. Carr, MD, MA, MS, Chief Executive Officer of the Mount Sinai Health System; and Leo M. Keegan, MD, MSSM ’86, MSH ’94. Not pictured: Jeremy H. Boal, MD, MSH ’96

The Mount Sinai Alumni Association and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai presented accomplished physicians, researchers, educators, and administrators with the 2024 Jacobi Medallion, one of Mount Sinai’s highest awards. The annual ceremony was held Thursday, March 14, at the Plaza Hotel.

The recipients of the Jacobi Medallion have made exceptional contributions to the Mount Sinai Health System, Icahn Mount Sinai, the Mount Sinai Alumni Association, or the fields of medicine or biomedicine.

Watch the ceremony

View the digital program

Watch the In Memoriam video

Stuart A. Aaronson, MD

Founding Chair Emeritus, Department of Oncological Sciences

Jane B. and Jack R. Aron Professor of Neoplastic Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Associate Director for Basic and Translational Research, The Tisch Cancer Institute’s NCI-designated Cancer Center

Watch a video of Dr. Aaronson

Jeremy H. Boal, MD, MSH ’96

Executive Vice President and Chief Clinical Officer, Mount Sinai Health System, and President of Mount Sinai Beth Israel and Downtown until December 2023

Department of Population Health Science and Policy

Watch a video of Dr. Boal

Kirk N. Campbell, MD

Irene and Dr. Arthur M. Fishberg Professor of Medicine in the Division of Nephrology

Professor of Pharmacological Sciences

Founding Director of the Center for Kidney Disease Innovation

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Watch a video of Dr. Campbell

Marla C. Dubinsky, MD

Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Chief of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mount Sinai Kravis Children’s Hospital

Co-Director of the Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center

Co-Director of the IBD Preconception and Pregnancy Planning Clinic at Mount Sinai

Watch a video of Dr. Dubinsky

Helen M. Fernandez, MD, MPH, MSH ’01

Vice Chair of Education, Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Watch a video of Dr. Fernandez

Emma Guttman-Yassky, MD, PhD

Waldman Professor of Dermatology and Immunology

Health System Chair of the Department of Dermatology

Director, Center for Excellence in Eczema and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Watch a video of Dr. Guttman-Yassky

Stephen Harvey, CPA, MBA

Chief Financial Officer, Mount Sinai Health System

Watch a video of Mr. Harvey

Mark Kostegan, FAHP

Chief Development Officer and Senior Vice President for Development at Mount Sinai

Watch a video of Mr. Kostegan

Roxana Mehran, MD, MSH ’95

Professor of Medicine

Director of Interventional Cardiovascular Research and Clinical Trials, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Watch a video of Dr. Mehran

Peak Woo, MD

Clinical Professor, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Watch a video of Dr. Woo

Mount Sinai’s Million Dollar Circle Recognition Honors Underrepresented Vendors

From left: Tiffany Oloke, Sourcing Lead II–Value Analysis; Patrice Gordon-Poyser, Supplier Diversity Manager; Carlos Maceda, Chief Supply Chain Officer; and Lynn Oxner, Director, Supply Chain, at the Million Dollar Circle Recognition event on February 9

Mount Sinai recently held its inaugural Million Dollar Circle Recognition event—celebrating 28 underrepresented vendors that each provided more than $1 million in products and services to the Health System in 2022 and 2023. More than $70 million was spent with the Million Dollar Circle vendors in each of those years.

“Supplier diversity is embedded in the culture, even the DNA of Mount Sinai,” Edward Robinson, Senior Vice President and Chief Resource Officer, Mount Sinai Health System, said at the event, which was held on February 9 at Mount Sinai’s Corporate Services Center. “This is our mission, to advance health equity and socioeconomics in the communities we serve.”

The event, attended by vendors and Mount Sinai staff and leadership, was moderated by Patrice Gordon-Poyser, Supplier Diversity Manager, Mount Sinai Health System. Leaders from three of the vendor honorees participated in the Million Dollar Journey panel. They discussed the services they provided to Mount Sinai, the effect of their long-standing business relationship on the growth of their companies, and ways in which they have been giving back to communities through charitable initiatives.

One of these vendors, a technology procurement fulfillment company that is Asian-American owned, was tasked with procuring iPads for patients, which allowed them to communicate with their loved ones while they were isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic.

“Getting there, not just from the technological perspective, but from one of procurement, putting it together, and delivering it, was one of the areas that I feel really stood out during our relationship with Mount Sinai,” said the vendor’s chief technology officer.

Another vendor on the panel, a veteran-owned staffing business, provided 50 crisis nurses for the Health System during the pandemic. “We all came together, Mount Sinai, our company, everybody here,” said the company’s chief executive officer. “It was an amazing New York moment, and something we are very proud of.”

The third vendor, a woman-owned office supply business, worked with Mount Sinai’s architectural design team to redesign Health System spaces that support employee well-being, including ergonomic chairs for nursing staff. As a health care provider, Mount Sinai posed unique challenges that helped the business evolve.

“Our client is not just Mount Sinai, our client is also the patient,” said the company’s director of marketing and workplaces strategy during the panel. “It really prompted us to develop a whole new health care department. Our staff all have more training and understanding in health care specifically.”

Carlos Maceda, Chief Supply Chain Officer, Mount Sinai Health System, commended the vendors for reaching the $1 million milestone. “I ask you to never forget where you came from, and to never forget your roots to be able to always help someone,” said Mr. Maceda.

Pamela Abner, Senior Vice President, Health Equity Officer, and Chief Diversity Operations Officer, Mount Sinai Health System, said that community vendors provide solutions through innovation and creativity in ways that would have been challenging for larger companies. She also noted how Mount Sinai’s relationship with local vendors helps New York City.

“By building community wealth, we build community health,” she explained.

To learn more about Mount Sinai’s commitment to supplier diversity, please visit Supplier Diversity or email supplierdiversity@mountsinai.org.

AI Spotlight: Predicting Risk of Death in Dementia Patients

Kuan-lin Huang, PhD, Assistant Professor of Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder, commonly known to affect cognitive function—including memory and reasoning. It is also a factor contributing to death. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, dementia is currently the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for approximately 70 percent of cases.

Researchers have used artificial intelligence and machine learning to help diagnose and classify dementia. But less effort has been put into understanding mortality among patients with dementia.

A group of researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai seeks to tackle this problem by developing a machine learning model to predict risks of death for a patient within 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year thresholds of a dementia diagnosis.

“We really want to call attention to how Alzheimer’s disease is actually a major cause of death,” says Kuan-lin Huang, PhD, Assistant Professor of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Principal Investigator of the Precision Omics Lab at Icahn Mount Sinai.

“When people think of dementia, they think of patients losing their memory, as opposed to when people think about cardiovascular disease or cancer, they think about mortality,” says Dr. Huang. “As someone who has a family member who unfortunately passed away from Alzheimer’s disease, I’ve seen how the late stage of the disease—because you lose certain bodily functions—can become quite lethal.” In late-stage dementia, the disease destroys neurons and other brain cells, which could inhibit swallowing, breathing, or heart rate regulation, or cause deadly associated complications such as urinary tract infections or falls.

In the study, the team focused on this question: Given a person’s age, specific type of dementia, and other factors, what will be the risk the person will end up passing within a certain number of years?

For its model, the team used XGBoost, a machine learning algorithm that utilizes “gradient boosting.” This algorithm is based on the use of many decision trees—“if-this, then-that”-type reasoning. It learns from errors made by previous simple trees and collectively can make strong predictions.

Here’s how the study’s lead authors, Jimmy Zhang and Luo Song in Dr. Huang’s research team, leveraged machine learning to shed light on mortality in dementia.

The study used data from more than 40,000 unique patients from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center, a database spanning about 40 Alzheimer’s disease centers across the United States. The model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) score of more than 0.82 across the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year thresholds. Compared to an AUC-ROC of 0.5, which amounts to a random guess that correctly predicts 50 percent of the time, the model performed reasonably well in predicting a dementia patient’s mortality, but still has room for improvement. By conducting stratified analyses within each dementia type, the researchers also identified distinct predictors of mortality across eight dementia types.

Findings were published in Communications Medicine on February 28.

In this Q&A, Dr. Huang discusses the team’s research.

What was the motivation for your study?

We wanted to address the challenges in dementia care: namely, to identify patients with dementia at high risk of near-term mortality, and to understand the factors contributing to mortality risk across different types of dementia.

What are the implications?

Clinically, it supports the early identification of high-risk patients, enabling targeted care strategies and personalized care. On a research level, it underscores the value of machine learning in understanding complex diseases like dementia and paves the way for future studies to explore predictive modeling in other aspects of dementia care.

What are the limitations of the study?

While our study includes nationwide data, to make the model more generalizable, it still needs to be adapted to different research and clinical settings.

How might these findings be put to use?

These findings could enhance the care of dementia patients by identifying those at high risk of mortality for more personalized management strategies. On a broader scale, the study’s methodologies and insights could influence future research in predictive modeling for dementia, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes and more efficient health care systems.

What is your plan for following up on this study?

We plan to refine our dementia models by including treatment effects and genetic data, and exploring advanced deep learning techniques for more accurate predictions.


Learn more about how Mount Sinai researchers and clinicians are leveraging machine learning to improve patient lives

AI Spotlight: Mapping Out Links Between Drugs and Birth Defects

AI Spotlight: Guiding Heart Disease Diagnosis Through Transformer Models

How to Safely Observe a Solar Eclipse

Mount Sinai researchers used state-of-the-art imaging to closely examine a patient’s retina after the solar eclipse of August 2017 burned a crescent shape into her eye.

The tricky thing about a partial solar eclipse is that if you look at it directly, you won’t feel any immediate pain. But the sun’s energy can still permanently damage your retina—and your vision.

In this Q&A, Avnish Deobhakta, MD, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, explains how to safely look at a solar eclipse and the potential harm that can occur if you do not follow basic precautions for viewing this spectacle, which will take place Monday, April 8.

Avnish Deobhakta, MD

Why should I avoid looking at a solar eclipse? What damage can it do to the eye?

The solar eclipse is a very, very dangerous event for your eyes. Light beams from the sky carry a lot of energy that can be transmitted into the retina and damage it. Usually, the sun is very bright and it’s almost impossible to look directly at it without discomfort. But during a solar eclipse, you can look at the sun for a long period of time and be fooled into thinking that it’s safe because it doesn’t hurt. This is because most of the sun’s rays are blocked off by the eclipse. But the sun’s rays that you see during a partial eclipse are the most damaging to the eye. It’s almost like you’re getting a disproportionate helping of the most energetic and damaging rays because all of the other rays are blocked and the ones that make it through are not so bright that they force you to look away.

What can happen if I take a quick peek?

Even a very quick look at a solar eclipse can burn your retina. During the last solar eclipse, in 2017, one of my patients looked at the eclipse and sustained damage to her retina. She thought she was using protective glasses—but they weren’t the right type. She still has a blank section, a visual blind spot, in the center of her visual field. I used groundbreaking technology to take a close look at the damage to her eye. The damage was in the exact shape as the moon—a crescent shape. We were one of the few sites that had that prototype machine and could take that photo. It may not help the patient, but it gave us new information about the damage caused by exposure to the sun’s rays. Other people have been known to have visual distortions in part of their visual field. Even with a total solar eclipse, there will always be a moment when the sun re-emerges, and some of those rays can damage the retina.

Is the damage permanent?

Yes. We cannot fix it. At the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, we have the technology to take an image and see the part of the retina that is damaged, but there is nothing a doctor can do to treat it. The damage doesn’t go away. Even decades later, your vision will still be impaired.

Can I look using a mirror?

No. Mirrors reflect the damaging sun rays. Looking in a mirror is the equivalent of looking directly at the solar eclipse–it’s not safe.

What about special sunglasses? Are those safe?  

It’s fine to use approved sunglasses that have the right filters. However, you have to make absolutely sure that you have those filters, and you need to obtain them from a reputable vendor. If you are not sure of either of those things, then you should not look at the eclipse, and instead look at a projection of the rays. Most of the people I’ve seen whose eyes were damaged by looking at a solar eclipse thought they were wearing the right glasses. And if you think you’re protected, you’re going to look longer, which increases the chances—and the extent—of damage. (Click here to learn more about safe viewing on the JAMA Patient Page created by the Journal of the American Medical Association.)

How about using a camera, like the one on my phone?

Generally speaking, if you look through your phone camera, you’re looking at an image rendered through the camera. You’re not actually looking directly at the sun, which means, theoretically, that it is safe. What worries me is not the phone camera—it’s that when people hold the camera up toward the sun, they might look around it for even just a brief period of time and can end up with a damaged retina. Think about a concert, when people have their phones out and are recording the concert, but they’re also looking around and watching the band on the stage. That’s not safe during a solar eclipse.

Is there a safe way to look at a solar eclipse?

Pinhole cameras are safe. They reflect light off an object and onto a surface such as a cardboard box or a wall. That way you’re not looking at the rays themselves, you’re looking at a projection of what the rays look like. You can watch a pinhole camera image as long as you’d like; you can even watch the entire solar eclipse reproduced on a pinhole camera and it’s perfectly safe. (Click here to get instructions on how to make your own pinhole camera.)

What if I’m outside during a solar eclipse but I don’t look up?

I don’t want anyone to think if they’re just in the presence of a solar eclipse they’re going to go blind. It’s okay to be outside during a solar eclipse, just be very careful. Be very mindful not to look directly at the sun in any way–and certainly not on purpose. The problem is that if you don’t know what’s going on and the sky looks different all of a sudden, your first instinct is to look up at the sun. The first instinct of all humankind is to look up. But that instinct can be dangerous during a solar eclipse.

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