Here’s What You Need to Know About the New COVID-19 Vaccines

As new variants of COVID-19 emerge, COVID-19 vaccines are updated to remain effective. This year’s formulations were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with narrower eligibility, and an advisory committee of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued new recommendations for who should receive them.

However, while the federal guidance is different from last year, the advice from medical professionals hasn’t changed, says Bernard Camins, MD, MSc, Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. “It’s a good idea for everyone to get the COVID-19 vaccine, because data shows it prevents severe disease and still saves lives.”

In New York State, and many other states across the nation, the state government and public health agencies have taken steps to ensure anyone who wishes to receive a COVID-19 vaccine will be able to do so.

If you’re thinking of getting a COVID-19 shot, Dr. Camins explains what you should know about them.

Bernard Camins, MD, MSc, Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

What are the new COVID vaccines and their label restrictions?

Vaccines are available from the manufacturers Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Novavax. These have been tested in clinical trials to be safe and effective, as with previous versions, says Dr. Camins.

Here are the details of each approved vaccine.

  • Pfizer-BioNTech’s Comirnaty: It is available to adults 65 years and older, and to people ages 5 through 64 with at least one underlying condition that puts them at high risk for severe outcomes with COVID-19.
  • Moderna’s Spikevax and mNEXSPIKE: Spikevax is approved for those 65 years and older, and for people six months through 64 years old with at least one underlying condition that puts them at high risk for severe outcomes. The new mNEXSPIKE vaccine is approved for those 65 years and older, and for people ages 12 through 64 with at least one underlying condition that puts them at high risk.
  • Novavax’s Nuvaxovid: It is approved for those 65 years and older, and to people ages 12 through 64 years old with at least one underlying condition that puts them at high risk.
What qualifies as an underlying condition?

As of February 2025, the list includes things like cancer; chronic diseases of the lung, kidney, and liver; heart conditions; immunocompromised conditions; obesity; pregnancy, and others. The full list can be found here.

Does this mean I can’t get the new vaccines if I’m under 65 and don’t have an underlying condition?

Not quite, says Dr. Camins. The new FDA labels for the vaccines do mean that if you are under 65 years old, and don’t have an underlying condition that puts you at risk of severe COVID-19, getting the vaccines would be considered an “off-label” use, he notes.

This mostly has implications on getting your vaccine at a pharmacy, because some states have restrictions on pharmacists being able to prescribe vaccines off-label, and some restrict pharmacists from giving off-label vaccines even when prescribed by a doctor. Your physician and primary care provider, however, would still be able to prescribe and provide off-label vaccinations in clinics, Dr. Camins points out.

In response, New York and several states enacted actions through executive and agency orders to ensure people would still be able receive COVID-19 vaccines in pharmacies. The new federal guidance does imply that people will be able to access COVID-19 vaccines at pharmacies, regardless of label language.

What are the new recommendations for COVID-19 vaccines?

The CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to leave COVID-19 vaccination to an individual’s choice, rather than recommend vaccination for various populations. This deviates from the previous ACIP guidance of recommending that adults 18 and older get the vaccine, and people 6 months to 17 years old decide through discussions with a health care provider.

Several medical associations, however, have given their own guidance on COVID-19 vaccination for various demographics. These include:

  • Infectious Diseases Society of America: All people six months of age and older should receive the updated vaccine. It’s even more important for people who are 65 years and older, or have high risk for developing severe COVID-19.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Recommends that patients receive an updated COVID-19 vaccine or “booster” at any point during pregnancy, when planning to become pregnant, in the postpartum period, or when lactating.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics: Recommends COVID-19 vaccination for all infants, children, and adolescents six months of age and older who do not have contraindications to receiving the vaccine.

“Medical professionals are all saying the same thing: if you’re able to receive the vaccine, you should be getting it,” says Dr. Camins. “While no vaccine is a 100 percent guarantee in preventing you from contracting COVID-19, if you do get it, data has shown that the vaccines reduce the disease severity—including avoiding the need to visit an urgent care center or emergency room—prevent hospitalization, and improve recovery, even if you’re in the high-risk category.”

Will insurance still cover COVID-19 vaccines?

COVID-19 vaccines were provided at no cost sharing previously, as it had been an ACIP-recommended immunization.

With the new ACIP recommendations, people on public insurance, such as Medicaid, or on an insurance plan that relies on ACIP recommendations to dictate coverage, should continue to receive COVID-19 shots without cost sharing, as brought up in the ACIP meeting.

“However, this is uncharted territory,” says Dr. Camins. “Do check in with your insurance provider to see if your copay would remain the same as before.”

On September 16, AHIP, a trade group representing many large health insurance companies, said in a statement that its members would offer COVID-19 vaccines with no cost sharing through the end of 2026, using the pre-September ACIP recommendations. And New York’s Department of Financial Services has issued a memo to insurance companies to remind them about relevant state laws regulating member coverage. Broadly, the letter highlights:

  • If ACIP has recommended an immunization, insurers must cover at no cost.
  • If a policy provides COVID-19 coverage, it must maintain coverage throughout the contract year, even if ACIP recommendations change in the interim.
  • For those under 19 years old, New York State requires COVID-19 vaccines to be covered at no charge, regardless of ACIP recommendations.
What’s the current COVID-19 situation like?

“As we go into the fall months, the number of cases will go up, as expected,” says Dr. Camins.

“COVID-19 is here to stay, and SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve,” says Dr. Camins, “but as long we remain protected and have good antiviral treatments available, the situation is under control and of low concern.”

“I Am a Mount Sinai Nurse”

What is a Mount Sinai nurse? A Mount Sinai nurse is so many things: a team player, dedicated caregiver, critical thinker, continuous learner, mentor, patient advocate. And so much more.  At Mount Sinai, we believe that a Mount Sinai nurse is the nurse all other nurses aspire to be. Together and individually, they create excellence every day. Read what our patients are saying about our nurses and listen to how some of them describe what makes them a Mount Sinai nurse.

Rivkah Eisner, RN

“From the onset of labor all the way through to bringing us to the post-partum floor, Rivka worked with dedication, wisdom, and high energy to ensure a healthy and positive experience. Rivka exuded an attitude of collaboration and accommodation. She made us all feel that we were a team, and she was there to assist in every way. She was kind, focused, respectful, and full of helpful energy.” Click here to watch the video.

Will Novini, BSN, RN

My CSICU/ CVIVU (Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Unit) center nurse Will Novini was a godsend. He got me through the two most difficult days after my surgery. I can’t say enough about how good he was.” Click here to watch the video.

Beth Lungaro, BSN, RN

“Nurse Beth Lungaro in the ER was truly outstanding. After 11 hours there, she would still show a beautiful smile, warm manners, and incredible efficiency. We could not have asked for a better nurse.”

Grace Tesoriero, NP

“I came in experiencing a great deal of pain and was angry at everyone I encountered because I just couldn’t manage it anymore. But Grace treated me as if she could feel exactly what I was going through. Her presence was calming, and just being with her made me feel better. I was truly blessed to have seen her that day.”

Uzoma Nwaekpe, RN

“One night, at 4 am I mentioned to Umoza that I was looking forward to having a conversation not about medical stuff. He stayed for 10 minutes, recited Shakespeare beautifully, and we discussed poetry. Are you kidding me? There is more intelligence, creativity, and perseverance in this group of nurses.”  

Tristen Castillo, BSN, RN and Shirley Liu, RN

“As a husband on behalf of his wife, I want to give special recognition to Tristen Castillo and Shirley Liu, whose compassionate attention and calming presence made a difficult situation much easier to bear. Nurse Castillo was thorough, kind, attentive. Nurse Liu brought a warmth and gentleness that immediately put us at ease.”

John Schwartz, RN

“John Schwartz is an outstanding professional RN. He emphasized that any unusual symptoms are important to bring to the attention of nurses.”

Of Integrity, Persistence, Leadership, and Responsibility: Mount Sinai Graduate Students Start Their Science Training

Alec C. Kimmelman, MD, PhD, keynote speaker at Mount Sinai’s Lab Coat ceremony

Alec C. Kimmelman, MD, PhD, stepped to the podium as the keynote speaker at Mount Sinai’s Lab Coat Ceremony, the celebratory start of academic research and training for the newest PhD and MD-PhD students. He recalled how he had felt a few decades earlier when he was a Mount Sinai student. “I remember sitting in the same place,” he said, “and I was wondering what the future would hold.”

For Dr. Kimmelman, who received both his MD and PhD degrees at Mount Sinai in 2003, it would be a future of extraordinary successes—starting with his own research thesis, which set the theme for his career investigating RAS-gene-driven cancers. As a student, he would also identify and characterize a novel member of the RAS family of oncogenes, and publish three first-author papers on this topic. Today, Dr Kimmelman, one of the world’s foremost authorities on the biology of pancreatic cancers, is the newly named Dean of the NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Chief Executive Officer of NYU Langone Health.

“New tools like artificial intelligence may change the scale of discovery but they don’t change its heart,” Dr. Kimmelman told the students. “At its core, science is built on people, and the way we choose to lead each other. When I was a trainee, I didn’t think of myself as a leader in any formal sense. Leadership seems like something reserved for deans or department chairs, but I soon learned that leadership often begins in the lab.” It is where building trust and “other small acts—mentoring, collaborating, encouraging—taught me that leadership is less about hierarchy and more about responsibility,” he said.

Celebrating PhD and MD-PhD students after getting their lab coats.

“Years later, when I was asked to lead a lab, and then a cancer center and, now, a health system, the principles were the same: create an environment where curiosity can thrive, where people support one another, and where integrity is never compromised. The qualities you demonstrate every day at the bench—generosity, persistence, intellectual courage—may one day prepare you for opportunities you cannot yet imagine. Leadership is not something that you wait for a title to give you. It’s something you practice, here and now, in how you approach your science and your colleagues.”

Marta Filizola, PhD, Dean of the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, presided over the ceremony, which was held Thursday, September 4, at Goldwurm Auditorium.

“At Mount Sinai, we continue to advance into frontiers of research that integrate cutting-edge approaches across disciplines, from artificial intelligence and data science, to stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, all aimed at improving human health and quality of life,” she said. “Our students are at the heart of this work, bringing diverse perspectives, creativity, and a relentless drive to push the boundaries of both basic and translational research.” Dr. Filizola is also the Sharon & Frederick A. Klingenstein/Nathan G. Kase, MD Professor of Pharmacological Sciences, Professor of Neuroscience, and Professor of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health.

From left: Sarah E. Millar, PhD, Dean for Academic and Scientific Affairs, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Eric J. Nestler, MD, PhD; Alec C. Kimmelman, MD, PhD; and Marta Filizola, PhD, lead the students in reciting the Oath for Doctoral Students.

Eric J. Nestler, MD, PhD, Interim Dean and Nash Family Professor of Neuroscience at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer of the Mount Sinai Health System, welcomed the students and guests and spoke about the vast advances in health care made possible by science, today’s challenges to scientific inquiry, and, significantly, the need for optimism and new discoveries.

“Advances now occurring in the laboratory and clinic, driven in part by the power of computational and molecular biology and artificial intelligence, and informed by unprecedented volumes of biomedical data,” Dr. Nestler said, “will fundamentally transform the way we understand, diagnose, treat, and prevent disease. We must shout this from the mountaintops.”

However, “We live in a time when some people do question the value of scientific inquiry,” he added. “Efforts to politicize science are most unfortunate. Today, we are seeing an unprecedented assault on the nation’s scientific enterprise.”

Still, “We must remain optimistic,” he urged. “The importance of biomedical research is too strong and too widely held for us to back away, and the biomedical research enterprise is more exciting and promising today than ever before in world history.”

 

Click on the arrows below for a slideshow of faculty and students.

A New Era in Rehabilitation at Mount Sinai: Advanced Center Opens at Mount Sinai Morningside

Mount Sinai Health System has opened the newly relocated Mount Sinai Rehabilitation Center at Mount Sinai Morningside, marking a major milestone in rehabilitation medicine. The move expands inpatient rehabilitation capacity on Manhattan’s West Side—complementing Mount Sinai West—and establishes a state-of-the-art environment for patient care, research, and education.

“We’re already a magnet for patients from across the country and the world,” says Joseph Herrera, DO, Chair of Rehabilitation Medicine and Human Performance for the Mount Sinai Health System. “Now, our patients will receive care in a setting designed specifically for rehabilitation.”

Joseph Herrera, DO

State-of-the-Art Facilities

The redesigned unit is centered on patient recovery, safety, and accessibility, offering services for those recovering from spinal cord and brain injuries, stroke, and other neurological conditions.

Each large room is equipped with ceiling lifts to support mobility, while also accommodating power wheelchairs and robotic exoskeletons used in therapy.  Rooms feature digital technology that enhances accessibility, communication, and the overall patient experience.  There are several large gyms and therapy spaces, outfitted with the latest rehabilitation equipment to maximize patient recovery.

“This renovation allows us to move forward in both patient care and innovation,” says Dr. Herrera. “We now have the capacity to test and refine technologies that may become tomorrow’s standard treatments.”

A Hub for Research and Innovation

The new facility also provides expanded space for clinical research, allowing teams to pilot cutting-edge rehabilitation technologies such as robotic mobility aids, exoskeletal walking therapy, and immersive virtual reality platforms.

“These advances aim to improve recovery outcomes and restore independence for patients with complex conditions,” says Dr. Herrera.

Nationally Recognized Programs

Mount Sinai Rehabilitation Center has earned national recognition as one of only 15 National Innovation Rehabilitation Centers in the United States, under the Dr. Joanne Smith Memorial Rehabilitation Centers Act of 2023. It also serves as a nationally designated Spinal Cord Injury Model System and Traumatic Brain Injury Model System, with federal funding from the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research.

The Center is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) for seven inpatient programs in spinal cord injury, brain injury, stroke, and comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation.

“With its expanded facilities, nationally recognized expertise, and cutting-edge therapies, the new Mount Sinai Rehabilitation Center at Mount Sinai Morningside marks a new era in helping patients achieve recovery, independence, and hope,” says Dr. Herrera.

Click here to learn more

Comprehensive, Specialized Care

The center’s multidisciplinary teams include physicians, nurses, therapists, neuropsychologists, and social workers, ensuring individualized care for patients. Specialized programs include:

  • Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation – The only CARF-accredited program of its kind in New York City, offering robotic exoskeletons, mobility aids, and advanced therapy tools.
  • Brain Injury Rehabilitation – Integrated physical, cognitive, and psychological therapies with seamless outpatient follow-up.
  • Stroke Rehabilitation – High-intensity, interdisciplinary therapy complemented by peer support.
  • Amputation and Prosthetics Program – Pre- and post-prosthetic training, plus mentoring from peers with lived experience.
  • Exoskeletal Walking Therapy – Powered mobility support for patients with neurological conditions.
  • Neurologic Rehabilitation – Personalized care for conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and brain tumors.

How Mount Sinai Queens Saved a Colleague’s Life

Frank Parlatorre, center, Environmental Services, with a team of his colleagues who saved his life. From left: Mark Dela Cruz-Hunt, RN, RN, MHL, Clinical Nurse Manager; Francis Cortes, RN, BSN; Juliana Mariano, RN; Charmaine Escutin, RN; Jonathan Luke Murphy, MD; George Dangas, MD, PhD, Director, Cardiology; Kamran Babri, BLS, ACLS, RCIS, Cath Lab Lead Cardiovascular Tech; Anshika Rani, Physician Assistant; Michelle Hang, AGACNP-BC; Gian Florendo, Senior Physicians Associate; Sharri Keveson, RN; and Stefanie Pinto, RN

It started like any other day—until it wasn’t. On the morning of Thursday, February 20,  Frank Parlatore, Jr., a member of the Environmental Services team at Mount Sinai Queens, was preparing for his shift when he collapsed in the operating room locker room.

Frank had gone into sudden cardiac arrest, and his colleagues and friends, including nurses in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and operating room, sprang into action and performed CPR right then and there. What happened next was a powerful reminder that at Mount Sinai, the commitment to care doesn’t stop with patients. Staff in the Mount Sinai community take care of each other, too.

“He had a cardiac arrest caused by severe coronary artery disease,” explains Georgios Syros, MD, Director of Cardiac Electrophysiology at Mount Sinai Queens. “He had multiple blockages—three-vessel coronary artery disease—and a weak heart, with only about one-third of normal function.” Lifestyle factors, including smoking and not seeing a doctor regularly, had contributed to his condition.

Following his initial stabilization, Frank was taken to the Emergency Department (ED), where the ED and ICU physicians performed resuscitation efforts for almost 40 minutes. After a normal rhythm was restored, he was taken for a coronary angiogram at the recently opened Mount Sinai Queens Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory. The angiogram confirmed the extent of his coronary blockages. Frank’s heart stopped again in the Cath Lab.  He was revived by Jonathan L. Murphy, MD, who used CPR and multiple defibrillation treatments.

Frank was placed on a respirator and fitted with a specialized device to support his circulation. Then, he was transferred to The Mount Sinai Hospital, where his heart function partially improved with medical therapy under the guidance of Ahmed El-Eshmawi, MD. In March 2025, Dr. Syros performed an electrophysiology study and implanted a defibrillator at Mount Sinai Morningside to help prevent life-threatening arrhythmias.

Over the next several weeks, Frank’s heart function continued to improve. By May, he was strong enough to undergo a double-vessel coronary artery bypass. The surgery was a success, and just months after that harrowing February morning, Frank was recovering exceptionally well.

“It’s not every day that the person on your OR table is also someone you know and work with,” Dr. Syros says. “That made it even more personal to me and the entire team to do everything we could to bring him back. This was Mount Sinai Queens at its best—quick thinking, teamwork, and compassion.”

How a Passion for Pharmacology and Addressing Substance Use Disorders Brought an Aspiring Researcher to Mount Sinai

Ally Parpounas, MS

Ally Parpounas, MS, is a second-year student in the MD program at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. She previously completed the Master of Science in Biomedical Science (MSBS) at the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.

It was her decision to attend the MSBS program at Mount Sinai, along with her eventual participation in a number of different programs sparked by her desire to help people in need, that would lead to medical school, which in turn has opened a number of different career pathways.

Ms. Parpounas studied neuroscience at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. and studied abroad at the Danish Institute of Study in Copenhagen, Denmark. While at the Institute, she took a psychopharmacology course that sparked her interest in research. The course taught students how neural circuitry is implicated in various psychiatric conditions. She learned how to redirect it by developing a “pharmacological cocktail” that would minimize both side effects and symptoms.

“This experience unlocked my curiosity about the physiologic mechanisms that underlie disease, and so I  began to consider a career in medicine,” she says. She soon changed her major from psychology to neuroscience.

After completing her undergraduate program in 2020, she took a gap year working at an in-patient acute care psychiatric hospital in Washington D.C. She worked there for a year before deciding that she needed more basic research experience before medical school. A Master of Science in Biomedical Science seemed like a natural next step.

While looking at master’s programs, she noticed Mount Sinai’s MSBS program. She began looking into a few labs to determine what she wanted to study and focus on. She was drawn to the pharmacology research of the Daniel Wacker, PhD lab, where she would eventually be placed. She applied to a few other programs, but the MSBS program at Mount Sinai stood out because of the strong research component. She was also interested in living in New York City because it was close to where she grew up in Peekskill, New York, about an hour north of the city. She started the MSBS program in August 2021.

During her time in the program, she worked in a number of different areas that would eventually help shape her interest in a future career in medicine.

She volunteered and conducted clinical shadowing with the Mount Sinai Human Rights Program, which provides medical and psychological evaluations for people seeking asylum in the United States. The program helps people who are typically victims of human trafficking, political violence, and other difficult circumstances. They use these evaluations and affidavits to assist with asylum cases. She worked as one of the lead clinic managers.

“The program has shown me how we can leverage our roles as clinicians to protect the health and human rights of individuals, in addition to the traditional role providing direct medical care,” she says. “It’s incredible to see the impact you make on someone life beyond just their medical care.”

She also led the graduate school’s mentorship program. Mentors help first year students navigate decisions, such as determining what they want in a lab placement. Her positive experience doing this in her first year inspired her to act as a mentor for other students during her second year.

She was also a clinic manager at the East Harlem Outreach Partnership (EHHOP), the Icahn School of Medicine’s student-run, physician-supervised, free clinic. She has continued this work while in medical school as a part of the Access to Care Team, which helps patients gain access to medicines, healthy food, and legal assistance. She  is now on ACT team leadership as the ACT Resources Chair.

She believes that the opportunities she had to get clinical experience helped shape her drive towards medical school.

“My previous experiences helped inform my direction for medical school and the type of work I want to do when I become a physician,” she says. “My training in the MSBS program helped make me a more thoughtful and intentional applicant to medical school.”

“The program has shown me how we can leverage our roles as clinicians to protect the health and human rights of individuals, in addition to the traditional role providing direct medical care. It’s incredible to see the impact you make on someone life beyond just their medical care.”

The Graduate School provides support to help master’s students seeking to continue their education through PhD or MD programs. Ms. Parpounas  worked with a student advisor in the Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) that helped with her medical school application process. The student advisors provide services such as creating an MCAT study schedule and essay review and revision help. This support was available as needed, but it was up to Ally to schedule meetings and manage the process.

“When I was studying for the MCAT exam, my friends in the medical school and the MSAP advisors (the MSTP student advisors) recommended study plans and resources, like Anki flashcards, that were more similar to what people use in medical school vs undergrad. I think studying in this way helped me get an MCAT score that I was proud of and made me feel more ready for the academic rigor of medical school,” she says.

She completed the MSBS program in June 2023 and received the Award for Excellence in Biomedical Science Leadership and Service Award for her volunteering and mentorship. She then applied to a few MD programs and was accepted to the program at the Icahn School of Medicine. Ally appreciates being in the first class to experience the new ASCEND curriculum, which was introduced in the fall of 2024. The objective of this curriculum revamp is to provide a personalized and active-learning approach aimed at transforming the way knowledge and clinical experiences are acquired.

Upon completing her MD, Ally is interested in a few different paths in medicine. She is currently working with Leah Habersham, MD, Director of the Bridge Program at Mount Sinai. The Bridge Program is an integrated clinic providing women’s health care, including obstetrics and gynecology, along with care for substance use disorder.

These experiences at Mount Sinai have sparked an interest in a wide variety of areas, including specialties such as obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and internal medicine. But she believes it’s important to keep an open mind and will explore more once she begins her clinical clerkships in February 2026.