As the Pandemic Recedes, COVID-19 Research Continues on Many Fronts

Updated on Mar 17, 2023 | COVID Response, COVID-19, Featured, Research

While COVID-19 community transmission, mortality, and hospitalization rates have come down across the country in recent months, the efforts to understand more about SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, continue at full speed. “The energy is still robust,” says Judith Aberg, MD, Chief of Infectious Diseases for the Mount Sinai Health System and Dr. George Baehr Professor of Clinical Medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

Judith Aberg, MD

Much research progress has been made since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, but more work remains to be done.

“At all levels, from academic institutions to federal agencies, resources are still being poured into studying COVID-19 and this level of dedication is unlikely to go away anytime soon.”

Judith Aberg, MD

“It is precisely because, as a community, we have put so much effort into studying COVID-19 that we were able to learn so much about the virus and come up with vaccines and therapeutics at an unprecedented pace,” says Miriam Merad, MD, PhD, Director of the Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, and Mount Sinai Professor in Cancer Immunology.

How has COVID-19 knowledge grown over the years?

A recent breakthrough was learning why COVID-19 affects older people more severely than children, says Dr. Merad. In many other respiratory diseases, such as influenza, typically both very young and very old people are most susceptible to complications.

“One of the biggest factors we’ve discovered is that age affects innate immune response,” she says. Older individuals are more likely to have a defective response in which their type I interferon activity is less likely to mount an antiviral or anti-inflammatory response, she adds.

Understanding the links of age to inflammatory response had also been a big piece in solving the COVID-19 puzzle, Dr. Merad says.

“It appears that SARS-CoV-2 might not be directly destroying organs. Rather, pathogenic-led inflammation might be doing so instead.”

Miriam Merad, MD, PhD

While SARS-CoV-2 is in the class of coronaviruses, very little was known about its specific pathophysiology, how it infects cells and induces injury, and how the host can control the virus. The scientific community has made inroads into these fields over the past year, especially in recent months, Dr. Merad notes.

 

Miriam Merad, MD, PhD

At the start of the pandemic, there were also no objective biomarkers to characterize the disease. Today, researchers have identified various measures, including platelet hyperactivations, microclots, and immune and microbiome dysfunction, as ways to analyze the impacts of COVID-19 on the body, especially for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, the condition colloquially known “long COVID.”

“It’s really bleeding-edge,” says David Putrino, PhD, Director of Rehabilitation Innovation at the Mount Sinai Health System. “It has really coalesced over time, and has taken two years before impressive articles were coming out about meaningful biomarkers.”

How had COVID-19 research been challenging?

“It is really difficult to do research in the middle of a pandemic,” recalls Dr. Merad. With measures in place to keep staff safe from infection, as well as prevent lab leaks, it became challenging to develop animal models. Additionally, given that COVID-19 was a new disease, there were few good models to start with, she adds.

Barriers to knowledge, tools, or resources also made studying COVID-19 an uphill task. As the disease has symptoms that span multiple specialties, including neurology, immunology, pulmonology, cardiology, and more, an effective effort into studying the pathogen required broad capabilities.

David Putrino, PhD

“I’m a neuroscientist, focusing on electrophysiology of the brain, and had a set of tools I was comfortable using,” says Dr. Putrino. “But along came COVID-19 and suddenly I had to become an expert on immune physiology, on drawing blood, and running a wet lab.”

“Collaboration became necessary, especially with people outside our usual fields.”

David Putrino, PhD

“While I feel fortunate that I’m in a position from a funding and career standpoint that can support my needs for long COVID research, many others aren’t as fortunate to develop those skill sets,” Dr. Putrino says. The reality of many scientists needing to keep their labs running and applying for grants could mean it was easier to relegate COVID-19 research to someone else, he adds.

The nascent field of COVID-19 research, especially for long COVID, means the scientific community is still divided on various definitions. But with the pandemic dying down, researchers are able to communicate and collaborate more effectively across the country on standards and definitions when it comes to conducting research or collecting data, especially as scientific conferences return in full force, Dr. Merad says.

What are some things we still don’t know about COVID-19?

On the clinical side, it is not clear for hospitalized patients what are the best immune modulating therapies or strategies. “When should we start combination immune modulating therapies? Are antivirals effective in patients on high flow oxygen if they still are shedding virus?” says Dr. Aberg. “We are still trying to optimize modalities.”

New treatments for COVID-19, including antiviral drugs such as Paxlovid, are now available to help reduce the likeliness of developing severe disease. But some shortfalls remain.

“For example, Paxlovid has significant drug-to-drug interactions and not everyone can take that,” notes Dr. Aberg. “We’re still learning how to be able to manage those who are immunocompromised and are experiencing persistent viral shedding.”

Some of the monoclonal antibody treatments that had been developed for COVID-19 and had shown efficacy earlier in the pandemic have since become less effective against current circulating variants. “We need to develop tools for rapid sequencing of virus to detect which variant is causing disease while simultaneously having available active antibody therapies.  We hope that future anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies will be effective to treat and prevent COVID-19, especially for those who are immunocompromised,” Dr. Aberg says.

In basic science, many questions about viral pathophysiology remain unanswered, especially with regards to how it affects coagulation, thrombosis, and inflammation, says Dr. Merad. Even with the success of COVID-19 vaccines at reducing infection incidence and severity, people still can still be infected, and it is not clear why that is so, she adds.

What is the current state of COVID-19 research and where is it headed?

Clinicians are looking at whether they can combine different treatment modalities, especially for immunocompromised patients, says Dr. Aberg.

The National Institutes of Health is still conducting its efforts through the networks the agency has formed during the pandemic, and is conducting multicenter clinical trials, Dr. Aberg points out. It has preserved its expedited pipeline for testing novel therapeutics, including the use of “adaptive platform studies,” where new investigative agents could use an adapted template without the need for developing a new protocol from scratch.

Long COVID clinical trials are coming down the pipeline, says Dr. Putrino. A trial to test the use of Paxlovid for treating long COVID has received an Institutional Review Board approval from the Food and Drug Administration, making it one of the first of its kind for a targeted treatment of the condition, he notes.

The discovery of objective biomarkers will also pave the way for new drugs to be developed for long COVID, or for existing treatments to be explored, says Dr. Putrino.

These biomarkers could also be leveraged for uses beyond COVID-19. “The pandemic made us realize how we have few assays to measure our immune fitness to tell us whether someone can be susceptible to disease,” says Dr. Merad. Immune biomarkers could be used to develop assays to measure whether an individual could mount a good immune response, perhaps to vaccination, or just in general. “Can we build novel tools to measure our immune fitness, in the same way we can measure our blood sugar?” she questions.

It is undeniable that clinicians and researchers are committed to COVID-19 research, says Dr. Merad. “That’s what we’re fighting for,” she says. “We’re talking to everyone—industry partners, government entities—on the need for continued effort, and everyone is on board.”

Read the latest on staying safe from COVID-19 in 2023
Here are Some COVID-19 Research Milestones at Mount Sinai

2022

  • Dec 8: Mount Sinai researchers published one of the first studies about changes in blood gene expression during COVID-19 being linked to long COVID
  • Aug 9: Mount Sinai launched CastleVax, a clinical-stage vaccine research and development company, whose capabilities can be leveraged to tackle SARS-CoV-2
  • June 28: Mount Sinai-led team showed immune particles derived from the blood of a llama could provide strong protection against every COVID-19 variant
  • June 14: Mount Sinai researchers have developed a rapid blood assay that measures the magnitude and duration of someone’s immunity to SARS-CoV-2
  • Mar 31: Faculty from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai play key roles in the SAVE program, established by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
  • Mar 21: Clinical investigators at the Icahn Mount Sinai launched a Phase 1, open-label, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an egg-based COVID-19 vaccine in healthy, vaccinated adults who have never been infected with COVID-19

2021

  • Nov 29: Icahn Mount Sinai served as a hub site for two cohort studies as part of nationwide health consortium study by NIH on the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2
  • May 25: Mount Sinai and the Pershing Square Foundation expanded a saliva-based COVID-19 testing program
  • April 5: Mount Sinai launched the Mount Sinai COVID-19 PCR Saliva Testing program for businesses and leisure activities in New York
  • Jan 27: Mount Sinai researchers demonstrated using a machine learning technique called “federated learning” to examine electronic health records to better predict how COVID-19 patients will progress
  • Jan 27: Scientists at University of California, San Francisco, and the Department of Microbiology at Icahn Mount Sinai reported data showing the promise and potential of Aplidin® (plitidepsin), a drug approved by the Australian Regulatory Agency for the treatment of multiple myeloma, against SARS-CoV-2

2020

  • Dec 29: Emergent BioSolutions and Mount Sinai initiated a clinical program to evaluate COVID-19 Human Hyperimmune Globulin product candidate in the first of two Phase 1 studies for potential post-exposure prophylaxis in individuals at high risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2
  • Sept 17: The Clinical Laboratories of The Mount Sinai Hospital has received emergency use authorization from the New York State Department of Health for quantitative use of Mount Sinai’s COVID-19 antibody test
  • June 17: Mount Sinai submitted a request to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for issuance of an emergency use authorization for quantitative use of its serologic test
  • May 14: Mount Sinai established the Institute for Health Equity Research to understand the effects of health issues including COVID-19
  • April 15: Mount Sinai Laboratory, Center for Clinical Laboratories received emergency use authorization from the UFDA for an antibody test
  • April 3: Mount Sinai developed a new remote monitoring platform to help health care providers care for COVID-19 patients who are recovering at home
  • April 1: Scientists, physicians, and engineers at Mount Sinai launched STOP COVID NYC, a web-based app to capture the symptoms and spread of COVID-19 in New York City

FREEDOM Trial Finds That High-Dose Anticoagulation Can Improve Survival for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Mar 7, 2023 | Cardiology, COVID-19, Featured, Research

The FREEDOM trial was initiated and led by Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, President of Mount Sinai Heart and Physician-in-Chief of The Mount Sinai Hospital.

An international trial led by Mount Sinai found that high-dose anticoagulation can reduce deaths by 30 percent and intubations by 25 percent in hospitalized COVID-19 patients who are not critically ill, when compared to the standard treatment, which is low-dose anticoagulation. The innovative FREEDOM trial was initiated and led by Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, President of Mount Sinai Heart and Physician-in-Chief of The Mount Sinai Hospital.

The study results were announced Monday, March 6, in a late-breaking clinical trial presentation at the scientific sessions of the American College of Cardiology Together With World Congress of Cardiology (ACC.23/WCC) in New Orleans and simultaneously published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

“What we learned from this trial is that many patients hospitalized with COVID-19 with pulmonary involvement, but not yet in the intensive care unit (ICU), will benefit from high-dose subcutaneous enoxaparin or oral apixaban to inhibit thrombosis and the progression of the disease,” Dr. Fuster says. “This is the first study to show that high-dose anticoagulation may improve survival in this patient population—a major finding since COVID-19 deaths are still prevalent.”

Clinical Insights, Early in the Pandemic

This work was prompted by the discovery early in the pandemic that many patients hospitalized with COVID-19 developed high levels of life-threatening blood clots. In March 2020, during the early days of the pandemic, Dr. Fuster observed patients with blood clots in their legs who had been admitted with COVID-19. After hearing from colleagues abroad of other cases of small, pervasive, and unusual clotting that had triggered myocardial infarctions, strokes, and pulmonary embolisms, he initiated decisive action.

“We became one of the first medical centers in the world to treat all COVID-19 patients with anticoagulant medications,” says Dr. Fuster, a pioneer in the study of atherothrombotic disease. “It was a decision that we believe saved many lives.”

This early protocol led to groundbreaking research and insights by Mount Sinai into the role of anticoagulation in the management of COVID-19-infected patients. Mount Sinai research showed that treatment with prophylactic (low-dose) anticoagulation was associated with improved outcomes both in and out of the intensive care unit among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Researchers further observed that therapeutic (high-dose) anticoagulation might lead to better results. Then, they designed the FREEDOM COVID Anticoagulation Strategy Randomized Trial to look further into the most effective regimen and dosage for improving outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who are not critically ill.

Researchers enrolled 3,398 hospitalized adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 (median age 53) from 76 urban and rural hospitals across 10 countries—including hospitals within the Mount Sinai Health System—between August 26, 2020, and September 19, 2022. Patients were not in the ICU or intubated, and about half of them had signs of COVID-19 impacting their lungs with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients were randomized to receive doses of three different types of anticoagulants within 24 to 48 hours of being admitted to the hospital and followed for 30 days. Equal numbers of patients were treated with one of three different drug regimens: low-dose injections of enoxaparin, high-dose injections of enoxaparin, and high-dose, oral doses of apixaban. They compared the combined therapeutic groups to the prophylactic group.

Informing Future Care

The primary endpoint was a combination of death, requirement for ICU care, systemic thromboembolism (blood clots traveling through the arteries), or ischemic stroke at 30 days. This endpoint was not significantly reduced among the groups. However, 30-day mortality was lower for those treated with high-dose anticoagulation compared with those on the low-dose regimen. Seven percent of patients treated with the low-dose anticoagulation died within 30 days, compared with 4.9 percent of patients treated with high-dose anticoagulation—an overall reduction of 30 percent. The need for intubations was also reduced in the high-dose group: 6.4 percent of patients on the high-dose regimen were intubated within 30 days compared with 8.4 percent in the low-dose group—a 25 percent reduction. The study showed high-dose anticoagulation to be especially beneficial for patients with ARDS, a condition where COVID-19 damages the lungs. Among patients with ARDS at the time of hospital admission, 12.3 percent in the low-dose anticoagulation group died within 30 days, compared with 7.9 in the high-dose group.

All groups had low bleeding rates, and there were no differences between the two therapeutic blood thinners for safety and efficacy.

“This is an important study for patients with COVID-19 who are sick enough to require hospitalization but not so ill as to require ICU management. In this group of patients with radiologic evidence of ARDS, therapeutic dose anticoagulation prevents disease progression, especially the need for intubation, and saves lives,” says co-Principal Investigator Gregg W. Stone, MD, Professor of Medicine (Cardiology), and Population Health Science and Policy, at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. “This is especially important as COVID-19 is not going away. Even in the United States, the current number of daily deaths, although much lower than at the peak of the pandemic, is twice that compared with just one year ago. And in other countries COVID-19 is raging”

The FREEDOM trial was coordinated by the Mount Sinai Heart Health System. Dr. Fuster raised all funding for the trial.

Mount Sinai Experts Discuss the Future of Cancer Care and Research

Updated on Mar 7, 2023 | Featured, Research

More than 50 years after the United States formally declared war on cancer, what is the prognosis for innovative cancer research and care?

Two Mount Sinai leaders in cancer care and research, Ramon Parsons, MD, PhD, Director of The Tisch Cancer Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Cardinale Smith, MD, PhD, Vice President, Cancer Clinical Services for the Mount Sinai Health System, offered their perspectives as part of a recent 92nd Street Y online event. You can watch the video here.

The two agreed on this overarching message: Tremendous progress has been made in unraveling the complex biology of cancer and targeting its many forms with advanced new medicines, particularly immunotherapies. But looming just as large are the challenges that remain in areas like overcoming resistance to these medicines, early detection of cancer through screening, and ensuring the equitable distribution of cancer care to diverse and disadvantaged populations.

Ramon Parsons, MD, PhD

“After 50 years we have a much more sophisticated understanding of how genes are altered in the cancer cell and how cancer cells reprogram the tumor microenvironment,” said Dr. Parsons, the Ward-Coleman Chair in Cancer Research. “And that has pushed the envelope in terms of our knowledge of the biology of cancer and, just as importantly, how we treat it. We’re seeing better outcomes for more and more of our patients and believe cancer rates will continue to come down because of treatments we didn’t have in the past, and more informed prevention.”

Dr. Smith, who is also Chief Medical Officer for the Tisch Cancer Hospital and a Professor of Medicine (Hematology and Medical Oncology), described the dramatic changes in cancer care and treatment, particularly in her specialized field of lung cancer.

“When I finished my fellowship training 12 years ago we had just two drugs for lung cancer, and now there are so many more,” she said. “Patients I treated as a fellow are still alive today thanks to clinical trials for new investigative drugs they were able to enroll in.”

Immunotherapies have carved out many of the greatest gains, while also raising some obstacles for the research community. Immunotherapy refers to treatments that use a person’s own immune system to fight cancer.

“The next frontier is determining which patients are going to have a long-term response to immunotherapy, and how do we overcome the resistance we so often see with these therapies,” said Dr. Parsons. “That’s the biology we still need to figure out, and to that end some of the research we’re most excited about is aimed at helping us better understand the switches in the immune system and how they can be regulated therapeutically.”

Two other areas of research where Dr. Parsons sees great promise are tumor suppressors, which are genes that regulate a cell during cell division, and liquid biopsies, which can detect through a simple blood test at the doctor’s office circulating tumor cells and tumor DNA.

With a strong background in tumor suppressors, he sees great advantage in being able to develop gene therapy or other innovative approaches to restore tumor suppressors, a natural part of the body’s defense mechanism that becomes altered or mutated in almost every type of cancer.

Liquid biopsies, still in early-stage development, could be another significant development. “This idea of being able to catch cancers before they are recognizable is going to ultimately move the needle in improving patient survival,” he said.

Cardinale Smith, MD, PhD

For Dr. Smith, early detection includes more aggressive screening by the health care providers.

“Uptake of lung cancer screening has been slow,” she said. “A lot of the work we’ve been doing at Mount Sinai is connecting with the community to understand what their needs are and how they prefer to partner with us. As a result, we’ve increased mammographies for women to detect breast cancer, and improved colorectal cancer screening for both men and women. Now we need to make the same kind of progress with lung cancer screening.”

She noted that as part of its outreach, Mount Sinai in April 2022 launched the Mount Sinai Robert F. Smith Mobile Prostate Cancer Screening Unit after noticing a high mortality rate for the disease in certain neighborhoods of New York City with a high Black male population. The purchase was funded by a $3.8 million donation from philanthropist Robert F. Smith. This successful effort between the Institute and the Department of Urology has been collecting blood samples to measure PSA levels and referring individuals for follow-up care when a problem is detected.

The nation’s war on cancer formally began with the National Cancer Act of 1971, which established the National Cancer Institute. As for the future of cancer care, Dr. Smith foresees patient care navigation and a palliative care workforce as movements with transformative potential.

Navigators with the ability to compassionately guide people through the often challenging cancer screening and treatment process would be an extremely beneficial allocation of resources, she maintains. So would development of specialized palliative care teams that could provide training and skills to oncologists and other clinicians, including nurses and advanced practice providers.

“We know that palliative care when combined with standard oncologic care can improve patients’ quality of life and mood by decreasing depression,” she said. “It also decreases unnecessary utilization of acute care, such as emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and readmission. Most importantly, it aligns cancer care with the goals and values of the patients, which all of us as clinicians need to hold as sacred in the years ahead.”

Read more about The Tisch Cancer Institute

Eighth Annual Mount Sinai Innovation Awards

Nov 9, 2022 | Featured, Research

Erik Lium, PhD, Executive Vice President, Mount Sinai Innovation Partners, left, presents the Mount Sinai Inventor of the Year Award to Steven J. Burakoff, MD.

Individuals and teams from the Mount Sinai Health System were honored for significant advances in biomedical research, technology, and medicine at the eighth annual Mount Sinai Innovation Awards ceremony held Monday, October 24.

Through the dedication of presenters, participants, attendees, and event organizers, the Innovation Awards showcase and inspire ingenuity and advances in research, technology, medicine, and health care.

Steven J. Burakoff, MD, Dean for Cancer Innovation and Lillian and Henry M. Stratton Professor of Cancer Medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, received the Mount Sinai Inventor of the Year Award for developing small molecule therapeutic inhibitors targeting HPK1 to regulate the immune response against cancer. This technology entered phase 1 clinical trials in spring 2022. The award recognizes individual or collaborative investigators in the Mount Sinai Health System whose research is making, or has the potential to make, significant positive and product-driven impacts on health.

The Mount Sinai Transaction of the Year Award was given to Manish Arora, PhD, BDS, MPH, Professor and Vice Chairman; Christine Austin, PhD, Associate Professor; and Paul Curtin, PhD, Associate Professor, all at the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health. They are co-founders of Linus Biotechnology, which aims to develop and commercialize a novel precision exposome sequencing platform for complex diseases. The company received Breakthrough Device designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for StrandDx™-ASD, a diagnostic aid for autism spectrum disorder. The award recognizes a notable technology from the Mount Sinai Health System that represents a major breakthrough in research and a strong commercial partnership for advancement,

The Lifetime Achievement Award was given to Robert J. Desnick, MD, PhD, Chair Emeritus and Professor, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, whose research led to the development of Fabrazyme® and GIVLAARI®, drugs for treating lysosomal storage disease. He co-founded Amicus Therapeutics, a company that aims to develop and deliver medicines for rare metabolic conditions, including olipudase alfa.

Scott Friedman, MD, Dean for Therapeutic Discovery, served as host of the event.

The Mount Sinai Pitch Challenge Award was given to Tyree Williams, MEng, a biomedical engineering doctoral researcher at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a visiting graduate student researcher at Sinai BioDesign.  He is the founder of Kratos Orthopedics, which is developing a novel mortar bone cement system to improve mechanical responses and post-operative care in patients who have undergone spinal surgeries. The award is the capstone event for Mount Sinai Innovation Partner’s Entrepreneurship Program, where finalists compete for a cash prize and pro-bono services to continue the development of health care solutions.

The Faculty Idea Prize was given to Sairam Geethanath, PhD, Assistant Professor, Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, and Shilpa R. Taufique, PhD, Assistant Professor, Psychiatry, for their work on substance use disorders, which affect brain health, especially in underserved populations, due to inequitable health care access. The award aims to support a collaborative, innovative, research idea by junior faculty that can potentially be translated into a marketable product through the development of therapeutics, devices, diagnostics, digital health applications, and/or data driven educational or community-based interventions.

The KiiLN Postdoctoral Entrepreneurship Award was given to Joon Ho Seo, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow, and SmartMazes, LLC. This project is focused on designing and manufacturing economical, modular, and modifiable rodent behavioral apparatuses that can serve as multiple mazes for the purpose of basic and translational neuroscience. The award is designed to highlight entrepreneurial endeavors of Mount Sinai postdoctoral fellows who co-found or lead companies by advancing their discoveries beyond the bench to create diagnostics, devices, and therapeutic products or by applying other solutions, in order to address unmet needs in life sciences.

The i3 Prism Award was given to Benjamin Rodriguez, a medical student, and Maddison Archer and Emelie Lassen, PhD, both postdoctoral fellows. The Mount Sinai i3 Prism technology commercialization fund aims to bring new health care solutions to patients and society by advancing technologies from women and Black, indigenous and people of color (BIPOC) inventors closer to the marketplace.

The i3 Genesis Award aims to translate Mount Sinai discoveries in various health care fields with clear potential for commercialization and defined technology or data gaps that can be addressed with funding. It was given to six teams for 2022 and five teams for 2021. The 2022 recipients are:

  • Daniela Sia, PhD, Anna Tocheva, PhD, Elliot Merritt, PhD, and Emily Bramel
  • Isabella Morgan, Joshua Bederson, MD, Mitch Baldwin, and Benjamin Rapoport, MD
  • Weijia Zhang, PhD, Stephen Ward, MD, Fasika Tedla, MD, Zhengzi Yi, MSc, and Caixia Xi, MSc
  • Yulia Landa, PsyD, MS, and Rachel Jespersen, MSW
  • Kara Bagot, MD, Angela Diaz, MD, and Anne Nucci, MD
  • Margaret Brandwein, MD, and Mark Urken, MD

The 2021 recipients are:

  • Alfred-Marc Iloreta, MD, Turner Baker, PhD, Alexis Bruhat, MEng, and Benjamin Rapoport, MD
  • Jonathan DePierro, PhD, Laurel Morris, PhD, James Murrough, MD, PhD, Dennis Charney, MD, and Adriana Feder, MD
  • Mark Rea, PhD, and Bridget Bradley
  • Evren Azeloglu, PhD, Eric Lima, PhD, Alan Benvenisty, MD, Kirk Campbell, MD, and Jacob Wright
  • Gautam Kamthan, MD, and Sean Ianchulev, MD

The winners who attended the event held in Davis Auditorium in the Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine on the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai campus.

The Diversity Innovation Hub Innovator Prize was given to Tanvir Islam, founder and CEO of TYCA, who has been supporting the growth of local economies and accessibility of resources within communities.

The Diversity Innovation Hub Founders Award was given to Gil Addo, MBA, cofounder and CEO of RubiconMD, who has been transforming the delivery of digital health through making specialty consults more accessible to all populations.

The THRIVE Fellowship Award was given to these teams:

  • Spinovations: Tyree Williams, MEng, Ian Odland, BS, Eugene Hrabarchuck, BA, Zaara Irshad, MHA, and Janvi Patel, BA (mentor: Tanvir Choudhri, MD). Spinovations is working on developing a new spinal screwdriver for more patient-centered, minimally invasive surgeries.
  • ai: Faris Gulamali, BS (mentor: Neha Dangayach, MD). They are focusing on the problem of monitoring intracranial pressure.
  • Metaphor: Hyomin Seo, BEng, and Brian Soong, BA (mentors: Towfique Raj, PhD, John Doucette, PhD, and Emma Benn, DrPH). Metaphor is working on an AI-based project to detect early signs of Alzheimer’s disease in the speech patterns of non-English speakers.
  • SSI Detection: Jenny Chen, BS, Nasseef Quasim, MDc, Sushruta Iruvanti, BA, Vivian Utti, BS, and Vivek Prakash, MD. They are working on a system to detect early signs of surgical site infection following vascular surgery procedures, using a combination of clinical biomarkers and remote visualization/monitoring technologies.

The Trainee Innovation Idea Award was given to these individuals:

  • MD and MD/PhD Students: Randal A. Serafini, MS, Justin J. Frere, BS, Venetia Zachariou, PhD, and Benjamin R. TenOever, PhD, for developing a pre-clinical hamster model of long COVID for enhanced therapeutic development.
  • PhD Students: Pushkala Jayaraman, MS, Justin Kauffman, BS, and Girish Nadkarni, MD, MPH, for work on AI and electronic health records.
  • Postdoctoral Fellows: Wontack Han, PhD, Ryan Walker, PhD, Jeremiah Faith, PhD, and Maia Kayal, PhD, for identifying gut microbiome metagenomic features to develop a clinical prediction tool for inflammatory bowel disease.
  • House staff: Harry Anastos, MD, for utilizing the expression of immune checkpoint proteins in the peripheral blood of patients with elevated prostatic specific antigen (PSA) to predict the presence of prostate cancer.

The Mount Sinai Innovation Awards hosts are: The office of the Dean; Mount Sinai Innovation Partners; the Office of Faculty Development; the Office for Diversity and Inclusion; the Keystone for Incubating Innovation in Life Sciences Network (KiiLN); ConduITS-Institute for Translational Sciences; Sinai BioDesign; the Department of Medical Education; the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; the Graduate Medical Education Office; and the Office of Postdoctoral Affairs.

Read more about the Mount Sinai Innovation Awards

Using Insights From the Pandemic to Advance Research on Immunity in Down Syndrome

Updated on Oct 28, 2022 | Featured, Research

Louise Malle, MD/PhD candidate, and Dusan Bogunovic, PhD

In April 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic spread through New York City, Louise Malle, an MD/PhD candidate at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, turned her focus to the disturbing statistics coming out on disease severity. She thought the data might inform her research to better understand immunity in people with Down syndrome.

Louise Malle, MD/PhD candidate

Ms. Malle, who works in the lab of Dusan Bogunovic, PhD,  surveyed thousands of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and essentially found that individuals with the syndrome have about 10 times the likelihood of having extremely severe disease.

Dr. Bogunovic is Professor at the Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, the Icahn Genomics Institute, and the departments of Oncological Sciences, Microbiology, Pediatrics, and Dermatology, as well as a Director of the Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity—all at Icahn Mount Sinai.

It turns out that Ms. Malle’s epidemiological observation added to a body of literature that suggests that severe viral disease is a problem in Down syndrome. The work led to new findings, published online on October 14, 2022 in the journal Immunity, showing that people with Down syndrome have less frequent but more severe viral infections.

“As we all were caught in the COVID-19 pandemic, Louise saw what was going on in the clinic in people with Down syndrome (based on her review of hospital records),” said Dr. Bogunovic, senior study author. “She saw what was going on in the world and then came to the lab, ultimately figuring out, at least in part, why this understudied and underserved population experiences more severe viral infections across the board.”

According to the study, this phenomenon is caused by increased expression of genes that sense an antiviral cytokine, type I interferon (IFN-I), as they are encoded on chromosome 21. Elevated sensing of IFN-I lead to hyperactivity of the immune response initially, but the body overcorrects for this to reduce inflammation, leading to increased vulnerability later in the viral attack.

Dusan Bogunovic, PhD

“Usually too much inflammation means autoimmune disease, and immune suppression usually means susceptibility to infections,” says Dr. Bogunovic. “What is unusual is that individuals with Down syndrome are both inflamed and immunosuppressed, a paradox of sorts. Here, we discovered how this is possible.”

Down syndrome is typically caused by triplication of chromosome 21. The syndrome affects multiple organ systems, causing a mixed clinical presentation that includes varying degrees of intellectual disability, developmental delays, congenital heart and gastrointestinal abnormalities, and Alzheimer’s disease in older individuals. It is universally present across racial, gender, or socioeconomic lines in approximately 1 in 800 live births, although there is considerable variation worldwide.

Recently, it has become clear that atypical antiviral responses are another important feature of Down syndrome. Increased rates of hospitalization of people with the genetic disorder have been documented for influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infections, according to the researchers.

“We have a lot more to do to completely understand the complexities of the immune system in Down syndrome,” said Ms. Malle, first author of the study. “We have here, in part, explained the susceptibility to severe viral disease, but this is only the tip of the iceberg.”

Read the study in Immunity
Read more stories about research at Mount Sinai

Marla C. Dubinsky, MD, Receives 2022 Sherman Prize Recognizing Excellence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Oct 19, 2022 | Community, Featured, Research

Marla C. Dubinsky, MD

Marla C. Dubinsky, MD, an internationally recognized leader in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), was one of three national recipients of the 2022 Sherman Prize.

The award, which recognizes individuals for pioneering achievements that have transformed patient care and rewards outstanding achievements in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, was announced September 21 by the Bruce and Cynthia Sherman Charitable Foundation.

Dr. Dubinsky is Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine (Gastroenterology) at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. She is also Chief of the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology at the Mount Sinai Kravis Children’s Hospital and Co-Director of the Susan and Leonard Feinstein Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Center at Mount Sinai.

In its announcement, the Foundation cited Dr. Dubinsky as “one of IBD’s preeminent game changers” and said she has been “giving hope to children and their parents for decades.” The Foundation added, “Dr. Dubinsky works on being a guiding figure for those coming up the ranks, teaching her mentees to tailor care to a patient’s needs and reinforcing the importance of empowering patients to better manage their IBD so they can live the life they want.”

Her work has included defining therapeutic dosing levels of medicines to optimize treatment in children; identifying some of the most predictive biomarkers for disease progression; and bringing intestinal ultrasound to the bedside. In addition, she is the co-founder of Trellus Health, a publicly traded digital health company based in London and New York that has a goal of improving care for people with chronic conditions. The other co-founder is Laurie Keefer, PhD, Professor of Psychology and Director for Psychobehavioral Research within the Division of Gastroenterology.

“I am both humbled and honored to be one of the 2022 Sherman Prize recipients,” said Dr. Dubinsky. “It is truly an honor to be recognized for your life’s passion and this award inspires me to keep pushing forward and continuing to impact the lives of patients with IBD.”

Uma Mahadevan, MD, Professor of Medicine, Director of the Colitis and Crohn’s Disease Center, and Director of the Advanced IBD Fellowship at the University of California San Francisco in San Francisco was also awarded the Sherman Prize.  Both Sherman Prize honorees receive a prize of $100,000.

Parambir S. Dulai, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Director of GI Clinical Trials and Precision Medicine, and Director of the Digestive Health Foundation BioRepository at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, received the Sherman Emerging Leader Prize Honoree, which includes a $25,000 prize.

Learn more about the Susan and Leonard Feinstein Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Center at Mount Sinai

Pin It on Pinterest