Adolfo García-Sastre, PhD, left, and Shashank Tripathi, PhD, Assistant Professor of Microbiology. File photo
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has awarded the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai a seven-year contract valued at more than $42 million to advance basic research into influenza and COVID-19, and prepare for future pandemics.
This marks the third time Mount Sinai has received a seven-year NIAID contract under the leadership of Adolfo García-Sastre, PhD, Director of the Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute and Irene and Dr. Arthur M. Fishberg Professor of Medicine, who serves as Principal Investigator. Florian Krammer, PhD, Mount Sinai Professor in Vaccinology; and Viviana Simon, MD, PhD, Professor of Microbiology, Pathology, and Medicine (Infectious Diseases), will serve as the contract’s co-investigators.
“This contract represents 21 years of continuity in conducting research that leads to better treatments, better vaccines, better disease management, and better prevention of pandemics,” says Dr. García-Sastre.
The team’s work will lay the foundation for diagnostics, therapeutics, and clinical trials, but will not include the actual implementation of the clinical trials. The contract also calls for the surveillance of emerging pathogens, risk assessment studies on as many as 15 respiratory viruses each year, and training of postdoctoral fellows and graduate students. “Training is part of the fight against infectious diseases. You need the people and the weapons,” says Dr. García-Sastre.
Mount Sinai’s previous NIAID contracts have led to many advances. In response to the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic, Dr. García-Sastre; Peter Palese, PhD, Chair of the Department of Microbiology; and Dr. Krammer launched their seminal work in developing a universal influenza vaccine. The vaccine— administered only once or twice in an individual’s life, rather than each year—has now undergone two phase 1 clinical trials and is expected to move toward a human challenge trial.
Since COVID-19, like influenza, will probably remain within the human population, Dr. García-Sastre says there may be a need to develop a universal COVID vaccine as well.
The new NIAID contract calls for funding of $6 million per year over seven years, but Dr. García-Sastre expects there will be room for additional funding. “The last contract did not have a specific amount of money for COVID-19 because there was no COVID-19 at the time,” he says, so when the pandemic started the government provided extra funding to study and find treatments for the new disease.
In fact, Mount Sinai’s research in influenza allowed the team to respond quickly to COVID-19. “Through this initiative we were able to develop and respond with diagnostics, treatments, and a vaccine,” Dr. García-Sastre says. “We were able to screen compounds that had potential for treatments and by testing COVID-19 proteins we identified targets and inhibitors of these targets.”
Work led by Dr. Palese, in collaboration with the University of Texas at Austin, produced a low-cost COVID-19 vaccine that is currently being tested in humans in Vietnam and Thailand, with clinical trials expected to begin in Brazil.
The team has also identified a promising small-molecule drug, plitidepsin, which appears to be particularly effective in stopping the replication of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Clinical trials of plitidepsin are about to start in the United Kingdom, and the Spanish drug maker, PharmaMar, is negotiating with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to begin clinical trials in this country as well.
While the new NIAID contract calls for Mount Sinai’s team to take a proactive response to future pandemics, they will also continue to focus on influenza, which remains a major international health concern. Influenza pandemics arise periodically, and according to the World Health Organization, the seasonal viruses infect as many as one billion individuals a year and lead to 650,000 deaths. There is much more to discover about how the human body responds to influenza, says Dr. García-Sastre, and the NIAID contract will support that important work.