States are moving quickly to enable more people to be eligible for the COVID-19 vaccines. In New York, for example, those 16 and older are now eligible. But many young adults may believe they do not need to get vaccinated.
In this Q&A, Michelle Cespedes, MD, MS, an infectious disease specialist at Mount Sinai who has treated many patients with COVID-19, explains that young people should get the vaccine to limit the spread of the disease, especially new variants; to avoid potential long-term complications for themselves; and to protect others, especially older family members, relatives, and friends. Dr. Cespedes is also an Associate Professor of Medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
Should young people worry about becoming infected with COVID-19?
This is a question I hear often these days. A lot of people think that because they’re young, they probably won’t get COVID-19. And even if they do, the reasoning goes, they won’t get a bad case. There are data that suggest younger people might not get as sick with the coronavirus as older people. They might be less likely to need hospitalization. But that doesn’t mean young people can’t get COVID-19 and potentially spread it on to other family members. This is especially important to remember when you think about visiting family members around the holidays. We saw that huge spike in cases last year right after Thanksgiving and Christmas. We’d like to avoid a repeat of that.
Is it true that if I get a mild case of COVID-19, it’s nothing to be concerned about?
It is true that young people might not get as sick as the elderly. But that doesn’t mean COVID-19 has no effect on you. Even people who had a mild case may experience long-term effects. Evidence suggests that COVID-19, like any other virus that causes inflammation, can affect the lungs, the nerves to the brain, and even the brain itself. For instance, the loss of taste or smell suggests inflammation in the nerves that control the ability to taste or smell.
Another common side effect is what we call brain fog, which is not a distinct medical or scientific term used regularly by medical professionals. Brain fog describes a collection of symptoms related to changes in thinking and memory. Patients who have had COVID-19 sometimes report that their thinking is sluggish or not sharp, often with poor memory, recall, or attention span. It can be best described as the sense that “I came into this room for something, but I can’t remember what.” While brain fog won’t land you in the hospital, it can last for many months.
Additionally, according to a study conducted by researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the Naval Medical Research Center, past COVID-19 infection does not fully protect young people against reinfection. The study found that reinfection was quite common amount young healthy adults, making it even more important for them to get vaccinated in order to prevent reinfection, boost their immune responses, and reduce transmission.
How does my getting the vaccine help other people?
When you get vaccinated, it means you likely cannot get the virus, which means it won’t make you sick—and you won’t pass it onto anyone else. In addition to protecting yourself, the vaccine also helps the larger community. If there are fewer targets for the virus to jump to, fewer people will get sick. And that means there will be less chance for more virulent variants to develop. Getting the vaccine is an act of love for your friends and family and the larger community.