Updated on Jun 30, 2022 | Endocrinology, Exercise, Health Tips, Men's Health, Women's Health
Guest post by H. Marie Williams
One of my favorite roles as a physician is educating patients during the process of taking care of them. When patients come to my office for an evaluation regarding a specific condition (thyroid, diabetes, pituitary, bone) I start by asking them what they know about the disorder. Often, even if the patient has had the condition for many years, I can teach them something about how their body works. In this post, I aim to teach you all something about the pituitary gland, part of the body’s endocrine system.
Function of the Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is a pea-sized structure located in the brain directly behind the eyes. Despite its small size, I think of the pituitary gland as the “quarterback” of the body. This quarterback relays the signals from the “head coach”—a small section of the brain called the hypothalamus—to the rest of the glands of the body. These interactions make up the so-called hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hormones from the pituitary gland control reproduction, thyroid function, breastfeeding, growth, our stress response and much more.
The best part of this whole system is that it makes sense. The head coach (the hypothalamus) knows what plays to call based on the feedback it gets from the rest of body. For example, if the circulating level of thyroid hormone is low, then the hypothalamus will receive this message and communicate with the pituitary gland to increase the stimulatory signal to the thyroid to produce more hormone.
When the Pituitary Gland is Compromised
Many different types of conditions can compromise the function of the pituitary gland. Some of these conditions send out excess hormone and some may cause a deficiency in a specific hormone. Of course, since the pituitary gland is the quarterback, this can cause many changes in the body.
Adenomas May Produce Extra Hormone…
A pituitary tumor is an abnormal growth in the pituitary gland. These are generally non-cancerous growths called adenomas. An adenoma may be producing extra hormone, such as prolactin, which is the hormone that regulates breastfeeding. A high prolactin level may cause breast discharge and disrupt the menstrual cycle. This condition, called a prolactinoma, can generally be treated with medication.
…Or Cause a Deficiency
Other adenomas do not produce hormone, but may affect the normal hormone production by the pituitary gland. For example, testosterone deficiency in males may be caused by a large pituitary adenoma, which has decreased the stimulatory signals to the testes.
I hope this basic overview provides you with insight into how the pituitary gland helps create balance in our complex body.
To find an excellent doctor who is right for you, please call our Physician Referral Service at 866.804.1007.
Updated on Jun 30, 2022 | Diet and Nutrition, Exercise, Men's Health, Popular, Women's Health
Some of you have probably thought about or written down a New Year’s resolution for 2013. All too often, we notice those resolutions fading as February 1st rolls around. We all have the ability to keep our New Year’s resolutions and to make important and healthy changes in our lives. The dilemma is that we often lack the strategies needed to stay on track. Here are some helpful tips to keep you focused and successful in 2015! (more…)
Updated on Jun 30, 2022 | Diet and Nutrition, Exercise, Men's Health, Women's Health
Picture it: The holidays have come and gone. A brand new year is here, and you’re feeling both positive and optimistic about 2013. Such optimism is reflected in your New Year’s resolutions, such as “buy a gym membership” or “lose weight.” This year, you’re actually going to follow through with your resolutions—right?
Well…maybe. A study published by the psychology department of the University of Scranton reported that of participants who made New Year’s resolutions, 31% planned to lose weight and 15% planned to join a fitness program. After following participants for 6 months, the study found that less than 50% of people who made resolutions were successful. This makes us wonder, what is the key to a successful resolution? Here are some tips to help you achieve your goals this year:
1. Be Specific – Goals should be measurable and have a time frame. For example, “buy a gym membership” is general whereas “work out for 60 minutes 3 or more days of the week through February” clearly defines the goal.
2. Be Realistic – Set an achievable goal for yourself. Instead of planning to “lose 50 pounds,” aim for a more realistic goal, such as “lose 1 to 2 pounds a week.” This weight loss is considered “healthy” for most people and allows you to have a weekly “success.”
3. Be Creative – There are many changes you can make in your life to become healthier. If you have a medical condition, you can also incorporate a goal this year to help you achieve better control. Examples include:
• Don’t skip meals – I will eat 3 meals a day.
• Get more sleep – I will go to bed 30 minutes earlier on weeknights.
• Eat more fruits and vegetables – I will have at least one serving of fruit or vegetables with every meal.
• Eat out less during the week – I will bring lunch from home 4+ days a week.
• For my high cholesterol – I will switch to low-fat dairy products (e.g., 1% or non-fat milk, low-fat yogurt).
• For my diabetes – I will eat a piece of fruit in the morning instead of drinking juice (e.g., have a small orange or banana)
• Drink more water (and fewer sweetened beverages) – I will drink 8 glasses of water a day.
Remember, these are only suggestions. Think about what works best with your lifestyle, and what is realistic for you to change. Spending the time to really think about your resolution will ensure that you’ve picked something meaningful and achievable.
Good luck in 2013!
References:
Norcross JC, et al. Success predictors, change processes, and self-reported outcomes of New Year’s resolvers and nonresolvers. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002; 58(4) 397–405.
Updated on Jun 30, 2022 | Diabetes, Diet and Nutrition, Exercise, Health Tips, Men's Health, Popular, Women's Health
Every year at the end of December, I reflect on the past year’s highs and lows, and the goals I set and didn’t achieve along with those I did. Most of them involve going to the gym and eating better, and 90% of the time I haven’t come close to meeting them. As inconceivable as it sounds, I find myself again making the exact same New Year’s resolutions I wasn’t able to accomplish last year! Sound familiar?
Resolutions Need a Reason
Many people get stuck in this same loop, making the same New Year’s resolutions year after year: “I will work out at least three times a week,” “I will lose 10 pounds,” “I will go to sleep by midnight,” etc. Most of us enter the new year determined to achieve our goals, but the changes never last to March. Why? Because most New Year’s resolutions are emotionless and without any motivating or driving force behind them.
To change a behavior or daily habit for a week or two is easy, but it is incredibly difficult to sustain that change over a long period or for the rest of your life if you don’t have a good reason to do it (and knowing you should do it isn’t a good enough reason for most of us). We all know we should exercise and eat better, but most of us don’t do it. So, how do you make a New Year’s resolution that sticks? Make it personal and important.
How to Make and Keep Yours
If you want to change your behavior or lifestyle, here are some steps that can help you start 2013 on the right track.
1. Think of a New Year’s resolution and write it down.
Example: I want to have better blood sugar control.
2. Look at the resolution and ask yourself why it is important to you. List your reasons.
Example: I want to live a long time and watch my son graduate high school; I don’t want to lose my toes or feet; I watched my mother die from the disease and I don’t want to go through the same thing.
3. Rate your reasons (1 being the most important, 10 the least).
Example: 1) My son’s graduation; 2) Don’t want my Mom’s end of life; 3) I want to keep my toes.
4. Now that you have solid and important reasons to change your behavior and achieve your goal, think about how you can go about it.
Write down what you will have to change on a daily or weekly basis to make the goal work. Be very detailed.
Example: I will put out my finger sticks by the bedside table so I can test my blood sugar as soon as I wake up. I will make an appointment with a dietitian to make a meal plan. I will keep a log of my sugars every day. I will switch from juice to diet soda.
5. Set-up some mini milestones and rewards (not food related) for when you meet them.
This will help your motivation continue through the year until it becomes routine.
Example: If my blood sugar stays below 200 for one month I will take my family ice-skating. If I keep my blood sugar below 180 for three months, I get to book my summer vacation.
Remember, you can make goals and revise goals throughout the year and use the same method to meet them. What are you waiting for? Get started on your New Year’s resolutions now and have the faith and belief that this time you are knocking them out of the ballpark!
Nov 19, 2012 | Exercise, Physical Therapy, Rehab Medicine, Sports Medicine
Myth: Everyone will get arthritis because we are living longer.
Fact: According to the Campaign for Aging Research, “The key risk factors for the development of arthritis are age, excess weight, injury and complications from other conditions, heredity and lack of physical activity. Arthritis can develop because of previous joint injuries or joint inflammation, hereditary joint conditions, or diseases that affect the joints (such as diabetes). Joint injury can also occur when joints are put under repetitive, high impact stress for long periods of time. Some very specific types of arthritis can result from hereditary factors. Arthritis symptoms such as pain, stiffness, fatigue and fear of harming oneself often lead people with arthritis to avoid exercise. Ironically, inactivity can worsen arthritis problems.”
Bottom line: Not everyone gets arthritis as they age, but it is common.
Myth: It is too painful to exercise with arthritis and will increase disability.
Fact: While it is true that people with arthritis often feel stiff upon wakening or if they have been inactive, exercise ultimately strengthens muscles and ligaments and reduces pain. Of course, it is essential to check with your primary care doctor, orthopedist or physiatrist (a medical doctor who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation) for advise on a specific exercise program. Additionally, physical therapy is often overlooked for people with arthritis. Sessions with a physical therapist can strengthen muscles and joints and give relief. Physical therapy can teach prescribed exercises that would be beneficial for your specific arthritis-related problems.
Bottom line: If you have arthritis and have not had physical therapy, it is a MUST DO to make it easier to exercise safely and productively.
Myth: Avoiding foods with nightshades will reduce inflammation related to arthritis.
Fact: Most of the studies of foods that cause inflammation are not available in peer-reviewed journals.
Bottom line: Anecdotal stories and books related to arthritis cure diets abound, but many of these recommendations have not been properly researched. Use caution when modifying your diet and consult with your physician.
Myth: There are no complementary remedies to help arthritis.
Fact: According to the 2007 National Health Interview Survey, which includes a comprehensive survey on the use of complementary health approaches by Americans, 5.2% of American adults used complementary health approaches for joint pain or stiffness, and 3.5% used them for arthritis. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine has studied glucosamine and chondroitin extensively. These two substances are forms of chemicals found naturally in cartilage. Studies using large numbers of arthritis sufferers found no real improvement in pain or improvement of narrowing of joint space. However, there was a modest but inconclusive finding that the two taken together could improve those with moderate to severe pain.
Bottom line: If you are interested in trying complementary remedies, discuss your thoughts with your physician.
Myth: I cannot exercise if I have had a joint replacement
Fact: Yes, many people can, but you should do so safely.
Bottom line: Check with your orthopedic surgeon or physiatrist about how much exercise, what type of exercise and when you can resume exercise post-surgery.
Myth: There’s not much I can I do if I have arthritis.
Fact: According to the Arthritis Foundation, maintaining a normal body weight can relieve joint pain. This means losing weight if you are overweight. Work closely with your orthopedist or physiatrist. A physiatrist may prescribe a physical therapy plan for you that can help strengthen your muscles and joints and keep you mobile! Finally, keep abreast of breakthroughs from reliable sources such as the National Arthritis Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or National Institutes of Health.
Bottom line: With some initiative and a good working partnership with your doctors, you can live better with arthritis.
Susan Brindisi, MS Ed, MA, CHES, CRRN, is a Registered Nurse in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Nov 12, 2012 | Diet and Nutrition, Exercise, Holistic Health, Integrative Medicine, Popular, Women's Health
Autumn in the Northeast is a time of dramatic change—cooling weather, a respite from the summer’s heat and humidity, the start of the new school year, beautiful colors, and a return to familiar routines at home and at work. This time of transition is also the perfect chance to pause, reflect, and take the opportunity to reconnect with and recommit to living your best life. When you live with authenticity, integrity and in the way that best serves you (and others), the rewards are immeasurable. Here are some easy steps to begin your journey:
* Become your own best health advocate. Make sure you have your annual physical exam, appropriate screening exams (mammogram, pap smear, colonoscopy, etc.), vaccinations, and dental exam and cleaning. Take your medication compliantly as prescribed. Stop smoking and drink alcohol in moderation.
* Exercise consistently. Walk to your destination and ditch the elevator and take the stairs instead. Invest in a bike and use it to explore the city. Join the gym and work out with friends. Practice yoga, jog along the riverbanks, move your body!
* Improve your diet and maintain a healthy weight. Replace fast food and processed snacks with healthful, fresh fruits and vegetables. Cook at home and use portion control. Be adventurous and try new foods. Plant a garden. Most importantly, eat mindfully and with intention.
* Ensure success and avoid failure by setting realistic, attainable goals. Replace “I can’t” with “I can!”
* Do one thing that scares you and reward yourself for embracing your fears. Challenge yourself to redefine your own limits and expand your own possibilities.
* Each year, check at least one thing off your personal “bucket list.” Don’t have a bucket list? Make one—a list of all the things you want to do in your lifetime.
* Set personal boundaries with others and speak your own truth…kindly and respectfully.
* Spend time with friends and family in person. Cell phone calls, texts, emails, Skype, Facebook and other social media tools serve a very real purpose, but they do not compare to quality time spent in the flesh with those we care about. So, call a friend and make a lunch date!
* Keep a journal and record your thoughts, experiences, goals, desires and dreams.
* Meditate and breathe. Set aside as little as 5 minutes daily to tune out the chatter and tune back into yourself and the power of your breath.
* Forgive yourself and give yourself permission to make mistakes. No one’s perfect and no one expects you to be. Forgive others their mistakes, too.
* Get involved with your community.
* Play with your kids and tell them “yes” more often than you tell them “no.”
* Make amends and end a feud. Holding onto anger and grudges serves nothing and no one.
* Make a donation and pay it forward. Give to those in need (money, time, your skills, gently used clothes, food).
* Build good karma and do at least one kind thing daily without expecting anything in return. It feels good to do good.
* Mind your manners. “Please”, “thank you” and “you’re welcome” are too often neglected.
* Engage your mind and heart. Turn off the television and computer and read a book or write a poem or letter. Take a walk. Watch the sun rise. Watch the sun set.
* Give thanks for the abundance that surrounds you and remember to see the good first and foremost
* Start each day by setting an intention.
* End each day by making an honest assessment. Remember, tomorrow gives you nothing but new opportunities.
* Enjoy your best life as you live in alignment with your most authentic and heart-centered self.
Jennifer Svahn, MD, FACS, is a Vascular Surgeon at Beth Israel Medical Center and a Registered Yoga Teacher.
Guest post by H. Marie Williams