Falls are the leading cause of injury for older adults in the United States, with falls among adults 65 and older causing over 36,000 deaths in 2020, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Because falls put you at risk for severe injury and can limit your quality of life and ability to remain independent, older adults need to follow simple steps to drastically reduce your risk of falling, like reviewing medications with your provider or hazard-proofing your living space.
The fear of falling does not have to be a burden on your life and lifestyle. In this Q&A, Charla Sarabia, MPH, Injury Prevention and Community Outreach Coordinator at Mount Sinai Morningside, provides steps to follow to reduce your risk of falling, whether at home or in a care facility.
What are the most common risk factors for falling?
A combination of risk factors causes most falls. The more risk factors you have, the greater your chances of falling. Factors can include age-related changes, such as declines in vision, hearing, balance, and mobility, as well as chronic health conditions like Parkinson’s disease, arthritis, diabetes, and medication side effects. Additionally, environmental risk factors in your home, workplace, care facility, etc., include clutter, inadequate lighting, wet floors, unstable furniture, and improper footwear.
Are there any lifestyle changes I can make to prevent falls?
There are several lifestyle changes you can make to prevent falls, such as:
- Increase regular physical activity to improve strength, balance, and flexibility
- Review and modify your medications with your provider or pharmacist
- Complete home modifications such as removing slippery rugs or clutter and improving lighting can also reduce the risk of falls
- Schedule regular eye exams and maintain a healthy diet
- Speak with your health care provider to review risks of falling and implement fall prevention strategies.
Are there any conditions that could make me more likely to have a fall?
There are several chronic conditions that can increase the risk of falls, including Parkinson’s disease, stroke, dementia, arthritis, and diabetes. These conditions can cause physical impairments, such as muscle weakness, balance problems, and coordination difficulties. In addition, some chronic conditions can cause cognitive impairment, confusion, or dizziness, increasing the likelihood of falling. Working with your health care provider to identify and manage any factors that may increase your risk of falling is essential.
Can certain medications increase my risk of falling?
Certain medications can increase the risk of falling, with some of the risks including dizziness, drowsiness, or instability. Examples of these medications are pills for anxiety and depression, sleeping pills, pain medications, and antipsychotics, which are used to treat schizophrenia and other mental health disorders. It is important to talk to your provider if you are taking any of these medications and are concerned about falling, as they can explain the side effects of your medications and suggest strategies to minimize the risk of falling.
What can happen after a fall?
Falls can have varying consequences depending on age, health status, and fall circumstances. For instance, falls can result in minor injuries, such as cuts and bruises, that can be treated with basic first aid. However, falls can also result in more severe injuries, such as fractures, especially in older adults. In addition, head injuries ranging from minor bumps to severe traumatic brain injuries can occur after a fall. Besides physical injuries, falls can also lead to psychological effects. For example, a fear of falling can lead to a decrease in mobility and physical activity and can lead to social isolation. Seeking medical attention after a fall, especially if you are an older adult or have underlying health conditions, is crucial to ensure that any injuries are properly evaluated and treated.
If I am concerned about falling, when should I see a doctor?
If you are concerned about falling, it is a good idea to talk to your doctor, especially if you are an older adult or have underlying health conditions. You should see a doctor if you have had a fall or near fall recently, feel unsteady on your feet, have difficulty walking, or fear falling. Your doctor can evaluate your overall health and assess your risk of falling. They may also recommend specific tests or refer you to a specialist, such as a physical therapist, to improve your balance and strength. It is important to seek medical attention early to prevent falls and avoid the potentially severe consequences that can result from them.
What are the best things I can do to prevent falls in my home?
To make your home safer from falls, the most important thing you can do is to take simple measures:
- Remove hazards such as clutter, and install handrails
- Improve lighting
- Use non-slip mats/rugs
- Wear appropriate, non-slip footwear
- Have regular eye check-ups, and review your medications with your doctor to ensure they do not increase your risk of falling.